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This Report is the result of collaboration between the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group.
Research for the Report was primarily carried out during a mission to Vanuatu from April 21–25, 2008. The mission team was led by Amanda Ellis (World Bank), and included Sonali Hedditch (IFC), Kristie Drucza (AusAID), Anna Hutchens (AusAID consultant), Clare Manuel (The Law & Development Partnership), and Vijaya Nagarajan (AusAID consultant). Jozefina Cutura (World Bank consultant) and Kristie Drucza (AusAID) undertook useful preparatory research from March 3–7, 2008. This mission led to the publication Women in Vanuatu: Analyzing Challenges to Economic Participation1 , from which this report heavily draws.
This Report is one of six Gender and Investment Climate Reform Assessments undertaken in six Pacific nations including Vanuatu. The Report analyses gender-based investment climate barriers which constrain private sector development and identifies solutions to address them. Four investment climate areas are considered:
Public private dialogue
Starting and licensing a business
Access to justice, the courts, and mediation, and
Access to, and enforcement of, rights over registered land.
In each area the Report considers legal, regulatory, and administrative barriers to private sector development with a gender perspective. It asks whether women face different or additional constraints to those faced by men. And it makes recommendations aimed at ensuring that women benefit from ongoing efforts to improve Vanuatu’s investment climate on the same basis as their male counterparts.
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The Department of Women's Affairs presents on the relationships between climate change adaptation and gender in the Vanuatu context.
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This document serves to promote gender balance and improve the participation of women in UNFCCC negotiations and in the representation of Parties in bodies established pursuant to the Convention or the Kyoto Protocol. The Republic of Vanuatu acknowledges the great advancement made by Parties at COP18 on gender by adopting the above mentioned decision stating “Promoting gender balance and improving the participation of women in UNFCCC negotiations and in the representation of Parties in bodies established pursuant to the Convention or the Kyoto Protocol”.
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In 2013, the Government of Vanuatu and UNDP requested technical assistance from the USAID funded Adapt Asia-Pacific Project to support four specialists, including an International Gender Advisor, to prepare the “Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Zone in Vanuatu Project” (VCAP). The USAID Adapt Advisors worked closely with the UNDP funded consultants and staff from all implementing partner (IP) agencies including the Ministry of Climate Change (MCC), the Department of Local Authorities (DLA), the Public Works Department (PWD) and the Vanuatu Meteorological and Geohazards Department (VMGD) in preparing the project. In-country design work, including visits to all proposed V-CAP sites, was carried out in late 2013.
The aim of the project is: “To improve the resilience of the coastal zone in Vanuatu to the impacts of climate change in order to sustain livelihoods, food production and preserve/improve the quality of life in targeted vulnerable areas”.
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Pacific women and girls continue to face significant disadvantages despite Pacific Island Countries (PICs) committing to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), with the exception of Palau and Tonga, Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA), the Revised Pacific Platform for Action on the Advancement of Women and Gender Equality (RPPA), and other relevant regional agreements. Gender inequality and women’s disempowerment are causal factors in why women and girls are disproportionately affected by climate change and disasters. These preexisting inequalities can be further exacerbated if gender issues are not adequately assessed or incorporated into climate change adaptation and mitigation, and DRR efforts.
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The document contains the Republic of Vanuatu's submission to the Ad-hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement, specifically on the Annual Focus Area for the Paris Committee on Capacity-building (PCCB). The document contains statements on gender and youth and includes sections about civil society organisations and the Government. It also outlines ways forward and next steps.
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Ecosystem and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping (ESRAM) is the first phase of the Pacific Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Climate Change project (PEBACC), a five-year initiative funded by the German Government and implemented by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). The intention of the project (2014 – 2019) is to promote ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) through the generation of new knowledge on local ecosystem services and its integration into development, climate change adaptation and natural resource management policy and planning processes in three Pacific island countries – Vanuatu, Fiji and the Solomon Islands.
This technical summary document reports on the findings from the first phase ESRAM activity that was conducted in Greater Port Vila between January and June 2016. Whilst it was understood at the outset that both climate and non-climate drivers would be important influences on ecosystem quality (and the services they provide), local engagement - through household surveys and community workshops - also uncovered substantial detail on the range of contemporary issues facing these communities: urban development, pollution, access to water, overharvesting and poor management of resources, sand mining, and climate impacts (including ongoing recovery from Tropical Cyclone Pam, March 2015). It is clear that the ecosystem and socio-economic resilience challenges for these urban and peri-urban communities are already considerable but will be further amplified by continued urbanisation and future climate change in the years to come.
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The island Republic of Vanuatu is one of the most climatologically and seismically vulnerable countries in the world. Situated in the Pacific’s ‘Ring of Fire’ and ‘cyclone belt’, it is susceptible to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones and both flood and drought. With the onset of climate change, extreme weather events are increasing the number and severity of natural disasters. Within this document, an emergency shelter from impending disaster will hereafter be called an ‘evacuation centre’ (EC) and longer-term temporary accommodation for those who lose their homes as a result of disaster will hereafter be called ‘emergency or transitional shelter’.
Through strategic partnership, the NDMO acquired support from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) to write these guidelines to identify, select and establish a database of potential evacuation centres to supplement the organization’s plan to meet its strategic objective 3: Enhance Disaster Risk Management (DRM) operations preparedness, response and recovery for a safer, secure & resilient Vanuatu. The NDMO as the coordinating body, with the help of these guidelines, will also be able to map and classify the different key stakeholders, actors and strategic partners to reach the goal of setting up evacuation centres across the country to strengthen disaster preparedness and response capacity.
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Between May 2013 and December 2014, CARE implemented a disaster risk reduction project in Vanuatu’s TAFEA province. The Yumi Redi 2 project aimed to increase the capacity of vulnerable communities to prepare for and respond to disasters. This case study of the village of Dillons Bay (on Errromango island) illustrates the impact of this project on the community’s practices before, during and after Cyclone Pam. Striking Vanuatu on March 13th 2015, this category five cyclone was one of the worst storms ever to hit the region.
In particular, this case study highlights the impact of the DIPECHO and Australian Aid funded project on the community’s capacity to share DRR messages; understand, heed and disseminate emergency warnings; prepare at household and community level; identify and manage evacuation centres; evacuate the community; consider the needs of vulnerable people; conduct needs assessments; develop links between various authorities within and outside the community; develop and support strong leaders and manage the initial emergency response until additional help arrives.
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This vocabulary was created as part of the Griffith University Pacific iClim Project. The Project has been funded by the Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade initiative Government Partnerships for Development Program to support SPREP in implementing a regional approach to climate change data and information management throughout the Pacific.
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This project, titled: ACP-EU Building Safety & Resilience in the Pacific is the Pacific component of the10th EDF Intra-ACP envelope for Disaster Risk Reduction. It corresponds directly to priorities identified under the 2009 EU Strategy for Supporting Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries and its implementation plan.
The high vulnerability of Pacific Island ACP States (PICs) to a number of environmental and natural hazards is well known. This vulnerability is further exacerbated by their small land areas as well as their narrow, often subsistence-based fragile economies, coupled with physical distance both within and between states. Current analysis suggests that PICs remain disaster prone and that the economic impacts of such natural events pose severe development constraints.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures reduce vulnerability and prevent the loss of lives, assets and livelihoods thereby reducing the exposure of governments to divert substantial national resources from development to relief, recovery and reconstruction when disasters strike and to build safety and resilience of their communities. In this regard, the project will mainstream DRR/Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) at national and regional levels, filling in the gap between humanitarian assistance and development as well as by serving as an anchor initiative to leverage DRR coordinated efforts in the region and integrating DRR and CCA into national and sector strategies.
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Vanuatu 2030 is our National Sustainable Development Plan for the period 2016 to 2030, and serves as the country's highest level policy framework. It is founded on our culture, traditional knowledge and Christian principles, and builds on our development journey since Independence in 1980. We have already achieved a great deal,as we have encountered many difficulties and setbacks, some from natural disasters. Our most recent national plan, the Prioritiesand Action Agenda 2006-2015 sought to deliver a just, educated, healthy and wealthy Vanuatu. It was the first concerted attempt to link policy and planning to the limited resources of government. As we look ahead to the next 15 years, we now seek to further extend the linkages between resources, policy and planning to the people and place they exist to serve. In effect our development journey remains on the same course, but we are upgrading the vehicle to get us there in a more holistic and inclusive way
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This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared for the Vanuatu Rural Electrification Project Stage 2 (VREP II). The RPF is a companion document to the VREP II Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) (December 2016).
The VREP II Project Development Objective (PDO) is to “…support increased penetration of renewable energy and increased access to electricity services for rural households, public institutions and businesses located in the dispersed off-grid areas.”. The Project will finance two power-generation types: 1) solar home systems (SHS) and micro-grids for individual households, churches and schools for example; and 2) mini-grids for powering small villages. As SHS and micro-grids affect only individual premises they are not subject to the provisions of this RPF. The Government of Vanuatu (GoV) will identify potential locations for mini grids taking into account population density (number households), public facilities such as hospitals and schools, ‘anchor’ loads such as tourism facilities, food processing or other commercial operations, and potential sources of renewable energy sources, for example hydro, for feeding into the mini-grids in future. Sub-projects eligible for financing will be selected from the GoV ‘long list’ during implementation. As the specific sub-project locations will not be known until implementation, this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is required.
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The ambition of this guidebook is to help practitioners and stakeholders integrate gender equality considerations in climate projects and leverage co-benefits between gender equality and climate action for sustainable development. It is divided into three parts: 1) an overview of co-benefits between gender equality and climate action; 2) an introduction to climate finance concepts, sources and instruments, and a discussion of their associated gender dimensions; and 3) a review of mainstreaming methodologies and tools to incorporate gender in climate change projects.
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There are about 30 species of mangroves in Solomon Islands, representing 40% of the world's mangrove species. They can be found on most islands ans it is estimated that mangroves here cover an area of about 50 000 hectares.
Mangroves are important resources for livelihoodof rural coastal communities. However there ias not an endleess supply.
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Climate is always changing, and on a variety of time scales. Rarely uniform, climate is inherentlyvariable and often punctuated by extreme events. Being prepared for the consequences of climatechange, variability and extremes is a strategic policy option, once chosen by the Republic of Vanuatu.Adaptation to climate change, variability and extremes represents an important challenge for thesustainable development of society. As understanding of the climate system continues to deepenand society becomes more aware of climate‐related benefits and negative impacts, public demandfor robust climate information services is expected to grow. Communities will increasingly expectthat climate information services are: accessible, dependable, usable, credible, authoritative,responsive, flexible, and sustainable. In many cases it is perhaps necessary to provide mechanismsthat will trigger and encourage the interface between climate knowledge providers and users.The World Climate Conference‐3 (WCC‐3) with the establishment of a Global Framework for ClimateServices (GFCS) has brought a new momentum to integrate climate information and products intodecision‐making in all socio‐economic sectors, through an effective two‐way dialogue betweenproviders and users. This national summit, as its overall objective, sought to refine the interfaceamong climate knowledge providers and users, to enable more regular and profound use of climateknowledge services available in Vanuatu. Specifically focusing on land based sectors (Agriculture,Forestry, Livestock and Environment), summit organizers sought to target those most directlyaffected by climate change, variability and extremes, and who could most benefit from the use oftargeted climate information services for specific contexts. Of primary interest in this summit was
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Using land is the basis of life for the people of Vanuatu. As the nation develops, population grows, threats of climate change intensify, and competition for land grows, there is an increasing need for appropriate and effective land use planning. It is of vital importance that Vanuatu’s people adequately plan the use of their land, not only for today, but also the future.Land and its use is, and has always been, a fundamental part of Vanuatu’s culture and identity. What Vanuatu’s people do on their land defines who they are, and as expected, the use of land is as diverse as Vanuatu’s multiple islands and cultures. Because the Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu states that the “rules of custom shall form the basis of ownership and use of land1,” no government policy will ever be able to mandate a universal land use practice. Rather this land use planning policy, reflects Vanuatu’s multifaceted cultural heritage and is intended to enable its people to make good and sustainable decisions on how land is used.The policy aims to guide land use planning by setting priorities and outlining legislative and institutional settings to enable land use planning that encourages the best current use of our land resources and at the same time allowing for future generations equitably benefit from the same resources. This Policy can be regarded as a framework for land use planning, which is clearly emerging as a critical tool in our country’s development. This land use planning policy covers land use planning from rural communities through to our urban centres with the intention of achieving benefits for all of the people of Vanuatu both now and into the future.
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The Urban Growth Trends Report forms part of the Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction Project: Risk Mapping and Planning for Urban Preparedness Project being undertaken by the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-hazards Department. The report analyses the trend existing urban development, the historical growth trends, teh legislative framework and key drivers that are directly growth in Port Vila and Luganville urban areas.
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Report assessing farmers' incentives and the conditioning factors that hinder or promote adoption of agricultural techniques under climate risk and evaluate its impact on food security in Niger.
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Gender equality is central to achieving a sustainable and resilient future for Pacific islands.This toolkit is designed to support climate change practitioners working in national governments, non-governmental organisations, regional and international organisations, integrate gender into all aspects of policy, programming and project work.
The toolkit is divided into four modules, which can be read in conjunction or used as standalone documents for practitioners seeking guidance on a specific topic.
The modules are also supported by annexes, checklists and tools.
Module 1 - This introductory module explains why gender is a critical consideration in climate change programmes, projects and strategies, defines the key approaches and concepts, and clarifies some common misconceptions.
Module 2 - Introduces the different phases of a typical climate change programme/project cycle, identifies potential entry-points for integrating gender perspectives in each phase and also includes a generic gender checklist that may be applied to programmes and projects.
Module 3 - Focuses on the links between gender and climate change in specific sectors and uses sector relevant case studies to demonstrate how gender perspectives can be applied in the identification and assessment of climate changeproblems and solutions. Key gender indicators are also provided to support monitoring and evaluation.
Module 4 - This final module examines gender in relation to climate change governance. It discusses how to integrategender considerations in institutional arrangements, policy coordination and negotiations, and climate change finance.
Annexes:
Annex 1: Glossary
Annex 2: Additional Resources
Annex 3: Gender Responsive Terms and Indicator
Tools:
Tool 1: Weather and climate hazard assessment - integrating gender
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The first of the overall MESCAL project’s four outcomes is to produce national baseline information about climate change scenarios, use and values of mangroves and associated ecosystem.
This review aims to identify recent climate change projections (particularly sea level) and assess their likely impacts on mangroves and associated ecosystems and community livelihoods for the five MESCAL pilot countries.
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This book is about how you can use trees and gardens together to reclaim land that has been overrun by Big Leaf Rope. This approach has many benefits. Most importantly, it will allow you to make use of otherwise wasted land, and turn it into a fertile and productive garden. Techniques outlined in this book will allow for an increased crop yield and overall profit, helping to better support you and your family. It will help to increase the variety of crops you can grow, and provide further opportunities down the road selling timber from trees. Equally, trees and wildlife that are often supressed by Big Leaf Rope will also have a chance to grow back again, helping to restore Vanuatu’s rich biodiversity. Using this technique, ongoing efforts to maintain your plot and keep it free from Big Leaf Rope will decrease, making it easier to keep your garden and surrounding environment healthy and productive. We believe that by following the approach described here, you will see benefits for your community, your environment, and even to your income. This step by step guide aims to help you in setting up your own ‘agroforestry garden’ either on your own, or as a community.
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In the years to come, climate-related shocks and trends will amplify the challenges and risks of displacement for the people of the Pacific. In this context, this paper analyses the opposite perceptions of the migration process in the Pacific from the main receiving countries in the region (Fiji, Australia and New Zealand). This is explored through a hybrid approach employed in the postulation of a legal framework, which would attempt to create a balance of interest between the migrants and the receiving countries articulated on socio-economic and environmental parameters. Applicable international instruments and relevant measures of international organizations are explored and analysed with a view to resulting gaps and shortcomings.
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Abstract
In the past decades, narratives of the “climate change refugee” have arisen within the larger conversation of climate change. This paper asks what role a human rights framework can have in grappling with the emergent and complicated question of climate-induced displacement—in a way that is more nuanced than most media coverage or policy analyses. Based on fieldwork in Port Vila, Vanuatu, I argue that while human rights law seems ill-equipped to serve as a stand-alone solution to climate change-induced migration, a human rights framework does offer the possibility of innovative approaches to the complexities of climate-induced displacement that are ignored by the dominant “climate refugee” narrative. Specifically, a human rights framework offers the potential for a rights-based approach to climate-induced migration—which should both prioritize the procedural rights of affected communities and center groups protected by human rights standards. A rights framework also contributes the human rights principles that underpin climate justice advocacy (both through agenda-setting and bottom-up grassroots movements) in a way that responsibly addresses the expectations and concerns of climate vulnerable communities.
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This report assesses adaptive capacity in the Tegua island community in northern Vanuatu and examines the role of the ‘Capacity Building for the Development of Adaptation Measures in Pacific Island Countries’ (CBDAMPIC) relocation project in shaping it.
This case study illuminates the opportunities for, and barriers to, adaptive capacity in the Tegua island community in northern Vanuatu, using a Pacific-specific analysis framework developed by a collaborative effort between the University of the South Pacific (USP), the Red Cross and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). It examines the experiences of the community in a pilot project involving relocation and water resource management as part of the regional Capacity Building for the Development of Adaptation Measures in Pacific Island Countries (CBDAMPIC) program for climate change adaptation. In particular, it examines the impacts of the CBDAMPIC pilot project in shaping adaptive capacity in this community.
This report was supported by funding from the Australian Government under the Pacific Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning (PACCSAP) program.
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Le changement climatique est l'un des sujets dont on parle le plus dans le monde parce qu'll affecte le quotidien de tous les habitants de la planete, y compris ceux qui vivent dans les iles du pacifique. Les scientifiques disent que lechangement climatique pourrait rendre les saisons chaudes plus longues et amener beacoup de pluies durant la saison humide.
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The Forty-Seventh Pacific Islands Forum was held in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia from 8 – 10 September 2016 and was attended by Heads of State and Government of Australia, the Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Nauru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. The Solomon Islands was represented by their Deputy Prime Minister, the Republic of Fiji, Niue and the Republic of Palau by their Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Kiribati by a Special Envoy. The Forum Leaders’ Retreat was held at FSM Congress Chamber in Palikir on 10 September 2016.
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