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First state-of-the-art quantitative and probabilistic assessment of major perils in the Pacific
• Covering entire landmass of 15 island countries • Regional exposure database; – one of the largest and most comprehensive globally• Analysis of fiscal risk exposure based on country risk profiles• Disaster risk financing solutions• Open access to risk information
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The Urban Growth Trends Report forms part of the Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction Project: Risk Mapping and Planning for Urban Preparedness Project being undertaken by the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-hazards Department. The report analyses the trend existing urban development, the historical growth trends, teh legislative framework and key drivers that are directly growth in Port Vila and Luganville urban areas.
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This Urban Risk Management Strategy (the URMS or the Strategy) provides a response to the hazards, risks and urban growth trends identified for Vanuatu’s two urban areas, the greater Port Vila Urban Area and Luganville. It is Stage 3 of the Risk Mapping and Planning for Urban Preparedness Project (the Project) being undertaken by the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD) as part of the broader Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction Project. It also responds to the maping and assessment of earthquake, wind, river flood, coastal inundation and tsunami hazards and risks undertaken during Stage 2 of the Project. Moreover, it provides risk informed approaches to strengthen the formal physical planning framework and the informal (socio-political) system by incorporating risk information and risk reduction considerations into processes, policies and community activities.
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Vanuatu is one of the most vulnerable countries to natural hazards on the planet, (World Bank, 2011). More than three quarters of the population are at risk from not just one, but multiple disaster events, including: tsunamis, volcano eruptions, flooding, cyclones and many more. According to the Pacific Catastrophic Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative (PCRAFI), undertaken by SPC and World Bank in 2010, Vanuatu can lose up to VT4 Billion in one year due to cyclone and earthquakes. Against this backdrop, Disaster risk management has become a cross-cutting issue that affects all sectors of Vanuatu and all development priorities and programs. Disaster risk management and climate change have been included into the current Priorities for Action Agenda 2011-2016. In September 2012, Vanuatu launched the National Advisory Board on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction (NAB) to better manage and coordinate Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction programs in Vanuatu and facilitate mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction into sectoral policies and planning. The resources provided by this project will strengthen the NAB and assist the Government to conduct thorough hazard and risk assessment in the urban areas and use the data to inform national land use planning policies including the design of a Tsunami warning system for both urban areas.
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The implementation of VCAP this quarter began at Epi sites with the upland and fisheries output activities. The upland team had established one permanent nursery where 2,000 plus fruits and timber trees seedlings are raised for distributing to all farmers in the project sites for reforestation upland at the water catchment areas. The team has also established 3 multi-cropping plots for introducing resilience crops to the farmers and planted vetiver grasses, natangura seedlings, pandanus along the eroded coastlines for reducing the activities for coastal erosions.
Fisheries team has deployed some FADs (Fish Aggregated Devices) at Epi as well for improving the marine resources at the reefs. The consultations with the communities and their VDCs (Village Development Committees) have educated the people to preserve their marine resources by introducing preservation areas along the coasts. The people have learned to improved their lively hoods by following these activities carried out by the fisheries and upland teams.
The project will further the implementation of various activities at Pentecost sites, Tafea outer islands sites as part of the recovery program of cyclone Pam which was mandated by the Government. Project Coordinators will further their various activities to other project sites such as South malekula, South Santo and Torres islands in the coming quarters. These output activities include the upgrade of access roads to the market, health and educations facilities.
Furthermore, the project will also assist the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazard Department(VMGD) for upgrading the Automatic Weather Stations at the 6 Provinces of the Country including the Integrated Weather Forecasting System at VMGD. These systems will provide the automatic early warning system throughout the Country where dissemination of weather information will reach the people in the communities in good times.
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“Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Zone in Vanuatu” or the Vanuatu Coastal Adaptation Project (VCAP), will provide a valuable opportunity to the Vanuatu government to increase the resilience of its communities to future climate change induced risks such as declining coastal and marine resources and intensifying climate related hazards. The overall objective of VCAP is to improve the resilience of the coastal zone and its communities to the impacts of climate change in order to sustain livelihoods, food production and preserve and improve the quality of life in targeted vulnerable areas.
VCAP will focus on community level adaptation to climate change and will address major environmental and associated socio-economic problems facing coastal communities impacted by climate change such as land degradation, biodiversity loss, and reef destruction, all of which severely undermine prospects for sustainable development and threaten the food security of coastal communities. The project will also build on and enhance CC adaptation initiatives through climate-proofing of infrastructure as needed.
VCAP will also support information and early warning systems on coastal hazards to address the current lack of systematic analysis and prediction of climate-related events. Thus coastal communities will be less vulnerable to the effects of climate change with improved information management and data dissemination systems in place.
This bi-monthly progress report details the various activities conducted from March to April of 2015. This is the first of an ongoing series of VCAP bimonthly reports. The following sections provide detail on initial activies conducted through VCAP after TC Pam and in preparation for the inception phase of project implementation.
This Report features the following Contents:
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“Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Zone in Vanuatu” or the Vanuatu Coastal Adaptation Project (VCAP), has made steady progress lately towards enabling the Vanuatu government to increase the resilience of targeted communities to future climate change induced risks such as declining coastal and marine resources and intensifying climate related hazards.
As VCAP begins to address community level adaptation to climate change, the Vanuatu government has taken its first steps to engage community level representatives. Communities were consulted in the selection process for site based coordinators in Tafea, Shefa and Penama provinces. Hiring processes for the Project Implementation Unit in Port Vila continue to take place as well.
VCAP was able to facilitate several days of consultations and planning activities with community, Area Council, provincial and national level stakeholders during VCAP Inception Week. The final authority for VCAP is the Project Board, which had its first sitting during this reporting period. The results from this Project Board meeting will drive VCAP forward throughout the remainder of 2015.
This bi-monthly progress report details the various activities conducted from May to mid-July of 2015. This is the second of an ongoing series of VCAP bimonthly reports.
This Report features the following Contents:
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The “Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Zone in Vanuatu” or the Vanuatu Coastal Adaptation Project (VCAP) has recently recruited several key staff members within its Project Implementation Unit (PIU) and has made steady progress in delivering its Annual Work Plan for 2015 by engaging targeted coastal communities in a series of vulnerability assessments and climate change adaptation planning sessions.
As VCAP will support integrated community based approaches for building climate resilience, the PIU has worked closely with the Department of Local Authorities (DLA) and other various partners to develop a standard approach to performing vulnerability assessments and facilitating community-based climate adaptation plans. This “bottom-up” planning process will be complimented by various technical specialists and national level VCAP stakeholders who will further refine and implement components from these community plans in coming months.
Finally, this reporting period culminated in the VCAP Project Board Meeting, where senior authorities from the Vanuatu government and UNDP made important decisions affecting future project delivery and approved the Annual Work Plan and Budget for 2016.
This progress report details the various activities conducted from July through December of 2015. This is the third VCAP progress report produced to date.
This Report features the following Contents:
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Ol aelan blong Vanuatu oli save experiensem ol taem we i drae from El Niño moa wetwet tumas from La Niña. Ol taem olsem, wetem ol kaen weta olsem saeklon i save spoilem wota, kakai, infrastrakja (olsem haos mo rod), laef mo helt blong ol man. Be gudfala infomesen, woning wetem klaemet fokast i save helpem yumi blong save mo mekem ol man i redi from ol had taem we oli stap kam yet.
Klaod Nasara cartoon wetem tul kit hemi save mekem ol man i save moa wanem ol impact we El Niño mo La Niña i save mekem. Tul kit ia tu hemi save helpem ol man long ol komuniti, skul, ol ofis blong kavman mo ol bisnis long Vanuatu blong save tokbaot El Niño mo La Niña mo oli save se infomesen ia ofis save karem long office blong Vanuatu Meteorology mo Geo-hazard (VMGD). Hemia blong mekem se komuniti i save wok tugeta wetem difren ofis blong redi from El Niño mo La Niña. Taem yumi save wei blong stap wetem tufala event ia, i mekem yumi redi from klaemet jens.
Klaod Nasara consists of:
KLAOD NASARA TUL KIT:
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Below is the text as contained in the Vanuatu Daily Post News article attached.
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A New National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) building for the people of Torba Province was officially opened last Friday.
Minister of Climate Change, Ham Lini, led a delegation to Torba on Friday to open the building.
The new building accommodates three offices, one server room, one conference room, one storage room, reception space, toilet and bathroom.
The total cost of this new facility is Vt25 million and was funded by the European Union through the assistance of the World Bank. The main aim of this project is to increase the resilience of communities in the country.
Torba is a strategic site for this project because they have an active volcano which makes them susceptible and vulnerable to Natural Hazards.
A similar building was built on the island of Tanna and could be the first disaster buildings established outside from Luganville and Port Vila to provide timely information and warnings to the people during disaster periods.
Core task Team leader for the Project, Tevi Obed, said they are very happy to assist the Vanuatu Government on the project because it is part of the country’s national priorities.
“They want to decentralize their services to the provinces so that the people can have easy access to disaster management services to help them in their preparedness for natural disasters”.
Mr. Obed said it is a good project for the people of Torba.
The Meteorology Department has forecasted that the country is likely to experience 2 to 3 cyclones this cyclone season and thus Mr. Obed encouraged the people of Torba Province to make good use of the new facility by taking heed of the information, advisories and warnings provided by this office in relation to cyclones as well as other disasters.
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Below is the text as contained in the Vanuatu Daily Post News article attached.
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President for Torba Province, Erick Shedrack says the province recognizes and acknowledges every assistance towards the construction and establishment of the new National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) in Torba.
Mr. Shedrack made the remarks during the opening of the new disaster building last Friday.
The Torba Provincial Government President thanked the European Union, World Bank, Vanuatu Government, Contractor (Loli Construction) and the other stakeholders for making this project become a reality.
He said everyone cannot deny the fact that disaster has no respect for anyone.
Shedrack urged the minister to make sure the new building has all the facilities with necessary equipment and human resources required to provide essential service as intended to the people of Torba.
He said the Torba islanders will now no longer rely on the main office in Port Vila because they have a facility that will respond faster to the demands of the people of the province.
The new facility will service the people of Torba Province from Mere lava in the Banks group to Hiu in Torres Islands.
The Loli Construction Company completed the building within three months but the initial opening took more time before it was opened last week.
The building has two new water tanks, which are already providing rain water to the government workers serving at the Torba Provincial Headquarter on Sola.
Core Task Team leader for the Project, Tevi Obed says every three years the World Bank avails funds for the Vanuatu Government and Vanuatu gets around Vt3 billion.
This particular project was funded under a grant by the European Union, through the World Bank.
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The topographic and bathymetric LiDAR survey for Vanuatu was developed by the PACCSAP program in collaboration with the NAB. It included high priority areas of Efate, Malekula and Espiritu Santo, as well as some of the smaller islands nearby. Airborne surveys flown between September and November 2012 captured the data for Efate and Malekula Islands. The survey for Espiritu Santo, which was initially delayed due to poor weather conditions, was completed in May 2013.
The link below will provide you with access to high resolution LiDAR imagery. The Vanuatu Globe was previously also accessible via the 2D Google Maps Engine, however Google has now discontinued this service.
For more information on accessing the LiDAR data, please contact Brian Phillips at the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department, piccap@vanuatu.com.vu.
Vanuatu Globe | 3D Google Earth
To access the Vanuatu Globe in Google Earth (3D) you will need to have the latest version of Google Earth (Free) installed. Follow the below instructions to access the Vanuatu Globe in Google Earth:
1. Download and install the latest free version of Google Earth application
2. Download the Vanuatu Globe kml file by clicking here. The file is attached on this page which can be downloaded directly. If you cannot access this file, email riaken@meteo.gov.vu
3. Save the Vanuatu Globe kml to your desktop
4. Double click on the Vanuatu Globe KML to open it
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This 4-fold pocket card contains related information that describes what the NAB does, it's Endorsement Process and a brief description on the NAB Portal.
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This study examines the effectiveness of DRM capacity building efforts of regional organizations in the Pacific with a view to comparing the actions of Pacific regional organizations with those acting in Southeast Asia and South Asia.
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This map contains contacts of Area Secretaries and Site Coordinators for the VCAP Project sites.
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This resource material is designed as a generic guide for planning, implementing and reporting an integrated vulnerability assessment (IVA) that targets atoll communities in the Pacific Islands region. It is based on a sustainable livelihoods-based approach that combines the assessment of vulnerability to both climate change and disasters.
The key principles of this IVA toolkit include the: • interconnectedness of social and ecological systems; • interconnectedness of sectors (e.g. water, forestry, agriculture, fisheries) and livelihood assets (natural, infrastructural, human, financial and institutional); • long-term and continuous iterative learning and knowledge co-production between local communities and technical resilient development practitioners; • an emphasis on participatory learning and action (PLA) tools that values, draws and builds on traditional and local knowledge experience so as to give local communities ‘ownership’ and empowerment; • facilitation of inclusive decision-making that creates opportunities for engaging vulnerable groups; and • the valuing of local and traditional knowledge and the full engagement and ownership of beneficiaries at various stages of the resilient development process.
This toolkit is a product of a comprehensive design, trial and reflection process on the part of the Kiribati National Expert Group (KNEG), SPC, SPREP and GIZ climate adaptation and disaster risk management practitioners
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Torba is the most northern and isolated province in Vanuatu. The province has an estimated population of 9,359 people and a land-area of 882 km². Its capital is Sola on the island of Vanua Lava. There are two groups of islands in Torba Province, which are the Banks Group and Torres Groups.
Torba is the perhaps the least developed province in Vanuatu. Transport is irregular and difficult. Communication is challenging. Infrastructure is limited on most islands with a few roads and vehicles present on Vanua Lava, Gaua & Mota Lava. Air Vanuatu provides regular service to Vanua Lava, Mota Lava, Gaua & Loh Island in the Torres Group. Small “banana boats” are relied upon heavily, despite frequent rough seas, to access remaining communities. The difficulty and infrequent level of transport in Torba Province has resulted in a much higher pricing for locals when they purchase commonly used goods and supplies such as fuel and tinned foods.
A missionary doctor, who is also a pilot, lives on the island of Gaua and makes routine visits to the islands in the Banks and Torres groups and transports patients to health facilities in Luganville, Santo and Port Vila, Efate as necessary. Additional landing strips for his small plane have been created on some additional islands as well in Torba Province as well but these are not serviced by Air Vanuatu.
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Tafea is the most southerly province in Vanuatu, consisting of 5 islands, some of which are among the most isolated in Vanuatu. Each island in the province has a diverse array of geographic features and natural resources.
The province has an estimated population of 32,540 people and an area of 1,628 km². The most populated island is Tanna, although its land mass is smaller than that of Erromango.Tanna contains over 80 percent of the Tafea’s population. The provincial capital Isangel is located here along with Tafea’s only municipality and its most developed commercial centre,Lenakel. An active volcano called Mt. Yassur attracts a large quantity of tourists to the island. A majority of the soil quality on Tanna is regarded as very rich and prime for agricultural activity.
The three largest islands in Tafea Province are Melanesian, but the smaller two, Aniwa and Futuna, have a distinct Polynesian influence due to early settlers and missionaries from Samoa. Futuna isrich in marine resources, although its rugged terrain composed of sheer cliffs and steep hillsides along with its strong coastal seas provide many challenges to locals.
Aniwa Island is the only coral island in Tafea, while the other four islands are volcanic and reach much higher elevations. Of the outer islands, it has the closest access to Tanna island and provincial services. Water security is a major concern on the island, although Aniwa is rich in its coastal fisheries, orange plantations and has many sandalwood trees.
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Shefa Province is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu, located in the lower centre of the country and it includes the islands of Epi, Efate and the Shepherds Group. It has a total population of 79,212people based on latest estimate by Vanuatu Statistics Office and an area of 1,455 km². Its capital is Port Vila, which is also the capital of the nation.
Epi Island is located in the northeast corner of the province. The Epi Sub-District Office, an integral part of the Shefa Provincial Government Council is located at Rovo Bay, in the Vermali Area Council.
At the time of the 2009 Census, the total population of Epi Island was 5,647 people, which includes the population of offshore Lamen Island. There are four Area Councils on Epi: Vermaul, Vermali, Varsu and Yarsu, collectively containing over 25 villages.
Epi receives an abundance of precipitation, ranging from 2.9m annually in the centre of the island to 2.2m annually on the northwest coast. The temperature on the island varies during hot and cool seasons, but averages approximately 24.9°C at the coast and is a few degrees cooler in the centre of the island.
Epi is seasonal and is warmer from November until April. Like the rest of Vanuatu, the island’s weather is strongly influenced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles. During the El Nino (warm phase) the country is subject to long dry spells. During the La Nina (cool phase) Vanuatu has prolonged wet conditions. Climate change predictions suggest that the intensification of the ENSO cycle will result in more intense wet and dry seasons. While the island has been affected by cyclones in the past, cyclones rarely hit the island. The last cyclone in Epi was in 1994. Cyclone frequency is not expected to increase with climate change.
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As of the 2009 Census, the total population on the island of Santo was 39,606 people. Santo is the second highest populated island in Vanuatu, second only to Efate. Luganville, with a population of 13,167 is the second largest town in Vanuatu and is located on the southern coast of the island, approximately a 1.5 hour drive from the project site. According to the 2009 Census, the annual population growth rate for Santo is 2.4%.
As the largest island in Vanuatu, Santo has an extensive mountain range along its southern & western coasts with many large rivers and creeks extending into the uplands. The eastern coast is relatively flat in comparison and is primarily used for agricultural purposes. A large natural harbor is present in the north called Big Bay, where a significant portion of the island’s population islocated. The interior of the island is inaccessible and populated sparsely by tribes of Ni-Vanuatu living traditional subsistence agrarian lifestyles, many of whom do not speak Bislama or wear Western clothing. A majority of the offshore islands in Sanma Province are located off of the southeast corner of Santo.
There is substantial road access throughout the vast island of Santo, although there are many areas where road access is poor or there is no road access whatsoever and where communities rely only on footpaths or boats for transportation. The road from Luganville to Port Olry, which spans the eastern coast of Santo, is in excellent condition with tar-sealed bitumen and drainage provided through funding from the US government through the Millenium Challenge Corporation and was recently completed in 2011. The wide roads in the main town of Luganville are in good condition despite the need for minor repairs in certain areas and were originally built by the American armed forces during World War II when Santo served as a base for American troops.
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Malampa is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu, located in the centre of the country and consisting of three main islands namely Malekula, Ambrym and Paama. It also includes a number of smaller offshore islands – the small islands of Uripiv, Norsup, Rano, Wala, Atchin and Vao off the coast of Malekula and the volcanic island of Lopevi near Paama (currently uninhabited). Also included are the Maskelynne Islands and other small islands suck as Akam and Avock along the south coast of Malekula. The total population of Malampa Province is 36,722 (2009 census) people and it contains an area of 2,779 km².
Malekula is the most populated and developed island in the province and houses the provincial capital named Lakatoro. Malekula receives an abundance of precipitation. The temperature on the island varies during the hot and cold seasons, but averages approximately 24.9°C at the coast and is a few degrees cooler in the centre of the island. Weather in Malekula is seasonal, and warmer from November until April and cooler and dryer period typically from May to October. Like the rest of Vanuatu, the island’s weather is strongly influenced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation cycles. During the El Nino (warm phase) the country is subject to long dry spells. During the La Nina (cool phase) Vanuatu has prolonged wet conditions.
Malekula is located on active geological faults. The southeastern side of the island experienced major earthquakes as recently as the 1990s and the land, e.g. Akam Island, was reported to have subsided by up to a depth of 1 meter. There are three active volcanoes located within Malampa Province: twin peaks on Ambrym Island and one located on Lopevi Island. The entire province is at a severe risk of tsunamis and earthquakes.
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Penama Province, Vanuatu is comprised of the three islands of Pentecost, Ambae and Maewo. It has a total population of 30,819 people based on the latest Census by the Vanuatu Statistics Office and a total land mass surface area of 1,193 km². The provincial capital is located on the island of Ambae at Seratamata.
Pentecost Island is the largest and most populated island in Penama Province with an area of 490 km² and a total population of 16,843 people according to the 2009 Census with an annual population growth rate of 1.8%. The island stretches north to south a distance of around 60 kilometres with an average width of less than 10 kilometres. There are four Area Councils on Pentecost: (from North to South) North Pentecost, Central Pentecost 1 (CP1), Central Pentecost 2 (CP2) and South Pentecost, which collectively contain over 50 villages with populations exceeding 100 people. The VSO recorded over 250 communities in total living in Pentecost, with populations ranging from a single household up to 307 villagers.
Underneath the four Area Councils on Pentecost, there are 23 Ward Councils, which are collections of “nakamals” or chiefly associations. There are 190 “nakamals” on Pentecost as reported by the Penama Provincial Government Council.
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This Provincial Disaster & Climate Response Plan (PDCRP) provides directive to all agencies on the conduct of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency operations. This plan has been formulated in compliance with section 9 Part 3 of National Disaster Act N0.31 of 2000 Section 11 subsection 5, and aligned with the National Climate Change & Disaster Risk Reduction Policy 2015- 2030, Section 7.1.4. The planning approach contained within focuses on a comprehensive hazard, climate change and disaster management strategy which clearly identifies and documents the essential organizational and procedural ingredients for adaptation to climate change effective prevention of, response to, and recovery from disasters. This document is subject to review based on experience of hazards and lessons learned from managing all hazards including those associated with Climate Change.
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According to the National Disaster Act each provincial council must prepare a Provincial Disaster Plan for the province to respond effectively to the impact of a disaster and should be tested regularly by provincial stakeholders to evaluate, adapt and update. The Provincial Simulation Exercise Guideline aims to provide conceptual framework and methodological guidance to test and review the Provincial Disaster and Climate Response Plans (PDCRP) developed by the provincial government officers with the support of National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) of Vanuatu and the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) stakeholders.
The handbook allows the Provincial Disaster and Climate Change Committees (PDCCC) and the Area Council Secretaries (ACS), to organize, develop and evaluate simulations and drills to reinforce their knowledge and skills in term of emergency and disSimulation Exerciseaster management and the Provincial Emergency Operation Center (PEOC), through (SimEx).
The target audience of this tool is the NDMO and DRR Stakeholders, from national and provincial level involved in the preparation and the facilitation of such exercise. The guideline proposes an approach to develop a provincial SimEx that can be adapted according to human resources, time frames and budgets available for this activity. It also provides a range of templates, forms, exercises, scenarios and injects that could be used for the SimEx implementation.
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Following TC Pam NDMO recognised the need for enhanced community based disaster risk management responses. As such over the last year NDMO has been working with its key in country partners to review, revise and update certain processes and tools. One of those DRM processes and tools is the community based disaster assessment process. Community based disaster assessments are the first assessment undertaken following a disaster on the ground in Vanuatu and is envisaged to be completed where possible by trained community disaster and climate change committees (CDCCC) members supported by local and provincial government. This approach is to empower communities in achieving ownership and greater participation in the negative impacts of disasters that directly affect them.
Training CDCCC’s in the community assessment processes and its supporting tools has been ongoing during 2016 in targeted communities within Torba and Tafea Provinces as part of the Yumi Redi Consortium project.
Yumi Redi Consortium in conjunction with UNOCHA has been working in collaboration with NDMO to produce an updated first community assessment form and accompanying guidelines to be undertaken at community level and develop a consolidation, analysis and reporting process of community based assessment data at provincial level. The revised community disaster assessment form and its guidelines were launched by the NDMO during a national training in September 2016.
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This Project Profile form outlines the Pacific Risk Resilience programme (PRRP) which focuses on strengthening governance mechanisms for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) at the sub-national and local levels. The goal of the programme is: to strengthen the resilience of Pacific island communities to disasters and climate change related risk.
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This policy brief is the product of testing, learning and adapting a mainstreaming approach to resilient development in the Pacific. It is based on an in-depth review and analysis of global and regional literature on approaches to mainstreaming, climate change and disaster risk management and governance reform. It draws on extensive testing of mainstreaming approaches in four countries (Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji and Tonga) carried out through the Pacific Risk Resilience Programme (PRRP). It highlights the importance of engaging development decision makers and practitioners at all levels of governance for the management of climate change and disaster risks.
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