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Following TC Pam NDMO recognised the need for enhanced community based disaster risk management responses. As such over the last year NDMO has been working with its key in country partners to review, revise and update certain processes and tools. One of those DRM processes and tools is the community based disaster assessment process. Community based disaster assessments are the first assessment undertaken following a disaster on the ground in Vanuatu and is envisaged to be completed where possible by trained community disaster and climate change committees (CDCCC) members supported by local and provincial government. This approach is to empower communities in achieving ownership and greater participation in the negative impacts of disasters that directly affect them.
Training CDCCC’s in the community assessment processes and its supporting tools has been ongoing during 2016 in targeted communities within Torba and Tafea Provinces as part of the Yumi Redi Consortium project.
Yumi Redi Consortium in conjunction with UNOCHA has been working in collaboration with NDMO to produce an updated first community assessment form and accompanying guidelines to be undertaken at community level and develop a consolidation, analysis and reporting process of community based assessment data at provincial level. The revised community disaster assessment form and its guidelines were launched by the NDMO during a national training in September 2016.
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This Project Profile form outlines the Pacific Risk Resilience programme (PRRP) which focuses on strengthening governance mechanisms for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) at the sub-national and local levels. The goal of the programme is: to strengthen the resilience of Pacific island communities to disasters and climate change related risk.
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This policy brief is the product of testing, learning and adapting a mainstreaming approach to resilient development in the Pacific. It is based on an in-depth review and analysis of global and regional literature on approaches to mainstreaming, climate change and disaster risk management and governance reform. It draws on extensive testing of mainstreaming approaches in four countries (Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji and Tonga) carried out through the Pacific Risk Resilience Programme (PRRP). It highlights the importance of engaging development decision makers and practitioners at all levels of governance for the management of climate change and disaster risks.
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Abstract
The process of building resilience to hazards encounters complex challenges of gaps and overlaps among government and non-government stakeholders involved in decision-making for and practice of Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation, Disaster Management and resilience-related Sustainable Development. Networked governance appears to be an appropriate system for the development of decision-making and decision-implementation to address the complexities of resilience-building in Small Island Developing States. The networked disaster governance system of Vanuatu served as a case study to analyse key factors affecting resiliencebuilding, such as high multi-hazard exposure, geographic and ideological distance between decision-makers and aid recipients, and the complexity of the coexistence of local, national, regional and international powers.
The use of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies – Earth System Governance framework, Social Network Analysis and Qualitative Comparative Analysis – identified governance structures supporting the development of resilience. An extensive literature review, data collection and analysis contributed to the development of a conceptual framework to assess the potential of a networked disaster governance system. This framework consists of four pillars: Government–non-government Networking, Cross-sectoral Networking, Networked Leadership and Networked Learning.
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Hanbuk ia Nasonal Disasta Manejmen Ofis (NDMO) blong Vanuatu i mekem blong ol ofisablong gavman mo olgeta we oli wantem karemaot ol wok blong Komuniti Bes Disasta RiskRidaksen (CBDRR). Hanbuk ia hem i talem wanem nao mo hao nao yumi sud mekem olCBDRR aktiviti long ol komuniti long Vanuatu.Stamba tingting blong hanbuk ia hem i blong givhan long ol ejensi blong sapotem NDMOblong setemap ol KOMUNITI DISASTA MO KLAEMET JENS KOMITI (CDCCC) long ol komunitiwe disasta i stap afektem olgeta plante, mo trenem ol komuniti ia blong oli kam moa rereblong fesem disasta.Tingting blong ol trening we oli stap long hanbuk ia oli blong divelopem wan KOMUNITIDISASTA PLAN blong ol komuniti. Plan ia bae i kam olsem wan buk we ol CDCCC oli savewok long hem blong oli redi long ol disasta o manejem ol emejensi.YUSUM HANBUK IATOKSAVE
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The Pacific Resilience Program (PREP) is a ‘Series of Projects’ articulated in two Phases at this stage, with the potential of a third and/or fourth phase in the future. The initial participants for Phase I are Samoa, Tonga, the Republic of Marshal Islands (RMI), Vanuatu, the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS) and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). There has been previous World Bank engagement within the Phase I countries of Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu in the areas of disaster risk management (DRM) and climate resilience. Potential participants in Phase II include the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Fiji, and the Solomon Islands.
The participating Phase I countries and potential Phase II countries all have a high risk profile and are subject to frequent rapid onset disasters, and all (apart from FSM & Fiji) have been part of the Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative (PCRAFI) scheme, on which the PREP will build. While all of these countries have expressed an interest in participating in the PREP, Tonga and Samoa will participate in Component 1 (Strengthening Early Warning and Preparedness) , Component 2 (Mainstreaming Risk Reduction and Resilient Investments) and Component 3 (Disaster Risk Financing) during the first phase because they have demonstrated strong commitment to: (I) continue to participate in the PCRAFI catastrophe risk insurance scheme beyond 2015; (ii) have developed and/or will develop a prioritized climate and disaster resilient investment plan as set out under Sub- component 2.1.2; and (iii) mobilize International Development Association (IDA) funds for disaster risk financing, insurance, and resilient investment. RMI and Vanuatu will join Phase I of the Program for Sub-component 3.1.2 only, in order to finance the yearly premium for the catastrophe risk insurance.
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This annex report captures and describes the various community engagement tools and approaches utilized while facilitating community based vulnerability assessments and CCAPlanning activities for the project “Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Zone in Vanuatu” known as VCAP (Vanuatu Coastal Adaptation Project). V-CAP is a 5-year climatechange adaptation project supported by the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) managed by the Global Environment Facility. The Government of Vanuatu is implementingVCAP through partnership with UNDP.
Component 1 of VCAP, which consists of integrated community approaches to climate change adaptation, is the largest component of the project and will be implemented in all 6provinces of Vanuatu. This component will focus at both the community and Area Council levels. In 2015, this component focused on implementation in three provinces: Tafea, Shefaand Penama provinces (*see Project Board Meeting minutes from June 18, 2015 for more information).
The VCAP Project Board Minutes from June 18th, 2015 contain reference to the Project Board endorsing vulnerability assessment and CCA planning missions with communities onPage 3: “DG Napat states that in the interim, Request for Service from UNDP may be necessary to start initial engagement with communities, as the government has beenpreoccupied with early recovery efforts from TC Pam and political instability. When Project Implementation Unit is hired and functioning within PMU, it will be easier to take the lead inthis NIM but it is important not to fall behind now”.
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The WASH Media materials consists of the following audio and video files:
AD 1 WASH - This audio relates the message of using clean and safe water in food preparation.
AD 2 WASH - This audio relates the message of using clean and safe water and being hygienic with food.
AD 3 WASH - This audio relates the message of getting clean water to prevent sicknesses such as diarrhoea.
AD 4 WASH - This audio relates the message of getting clean water and other necessities ready before a cyclone.
AD 5 WASH - This audio relates the message of proper water management practises as well as good hygience and sanitation for toilets.
AD 6 WASH - This audio relates the message of proper water management.
Confliction (Rap blong WASH) - This youtube video relates the message of how unclean water results in sickness thus how we should preserve clean water and practise good water management to be ready for disasters.
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With this project IUCN Oceania seeks to address the key challenges of mangrove management to increase the resilience of the Pacific people to climate change and improve livelihoods.
THE PROJECTWith the MESCAL project IUCN Oceania seeks to address the key challenges of mangrove management to increase the resilience of the Pacific people to climate change and improve livelihoods. By working with five Pacific Island Countries (Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Tonga) IUCN Oceania will promote an adaptive co-management approach as well as the restoration of mangrove ecosystems.
BACKGROUNDPacific Islanders are at the forefront of climate change; experiencing its varying impacts on coastlines, biodiversity, economy and most importantly on livelihoods. The conservation of mangroves and associated ecosystems is a key natural adaptation strategy and mitigation measure to climate change. Mangrove ecosystems provide goods and services highly valued by the people of the Pacific. However, this unique ecosystem faces continuing threats from overharvesting, degradation and land reclamation.
SITUATIONProtection of mangrove ecosystems will in turn safeguard the livelihoods of Pacific Island communities, especially for coastal dwellers. Weak governance, disconnect between formal and traditional management systems, limited baseline information, weakening traditional management, lack of awareness and limited capacity are the key challenges of mangrove management in the Pacific.
DONORGerman Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) under its International Climate Initiative.
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The WASH Cloth materials consists of the following:
Tea Towel designs that give simple messages to depict some good water management and water sanitation practises.
T-shirt designs that have simple messages to show how water is greatly valued and it also depict some good water management practises.
Sarong designs with messages about water sanitation
Bag designs with messages on the usage of water
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Le changement climatique est l'un des sujets dont on parle le plus dans le monde parce qu'll affecte le quotidien de tous les habitants de la planete, y compris ceux qui vivent dans les iles du pacifique. Les scientifiques disent que lechangement climatique pourrait rendre les saisons chaudes plus longues et amener beacoup de pluies durant la saison humide.
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The annual cyclone season for the Republic of Vanuatu commences in November and extends to the end of April the following year. While cyclones can develop outside of this period, their cyclical nature increases the predictability of such occurrences and thus enables pre-planned measures to be formulated beforehand and community preparedness programmes to be put in place and promulgated.
The aim of this plan is to detail the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery arrangements in the event of a cyclone impacting on the Republic of Vanuatu, in line with the requirements of the National Disaster Act. The Cyclone Support Plan provides for the mobilisation and co-ordination of the Country's resources, both public and private, to deal with an impending Tropical Cyclone emergency.
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The Forty-Seventh Pacific Islands Forum was held in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia from 8 – 10 September 2016 and was attended by Heads of State and Government of Australia, the Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Nauru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. The Solomon Islands was represented by their Deputy Prime Minister, the Republic of Fiji, Niue and the Republic of Palau by their Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Kiribati by a Special Envoy. The Forum Leaders’ Retreat was held at FSM Congress Chamber in Palikir on 10 September 2016.
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The FRDP identifies three inter-related goals that need to be actively pursued by all stakeholders, working in partnership, in order to enhance resilience to disasters and climate change in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty.
1. Strengthened integrated adaptation and risk reduction to enhance resilience to climate change and disasters Pursuing this goal entails successfully managing risks caused by climate change and disasters in an integrated manner where possible, within social and economic development planning processes and practices, in order to reduce the accumulation of such risks, and prevent the creation of new risks or loss and damage. This goal will contribute to strengthening resilient development and achieving efficiencies in resource management.
2. Low-carbon development Pursuing this goal revolves mainly around reducing the carbon intensity of development processes, increasing the efficiency of end-use energy consumption, increasing the conservation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and enhancing the resilience of energy infrastructure. This goal will contribute to having more resilient energy infrastructure in place, and to increase energy security, while decreasing net emissions of greenhouse gases.
3. Strengthened disaster preparedness, response and recovery Pursuing this goal includes improving the capacity of PICTs to prepare for emergencies and disasters, thereby ensuring timely and effective response and recovery in relation to both rapid and slow onset disasters, which may be exacerbated or caused by climate change. Disaster preparedness, response and recovery initiatives will reduce undue human losses and suffering, and minimize adverse consequences for national, provincial, local and community economic, social and environmental systems.
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This report uses these generic methods to provide recommendations for climate resilient development in the PICs in the following sectors: coastal protection, flood management, water resources management, protection of infrastructure against changes in temperature and precipitations, protection of buildings against cyclone winds, and adaptation in the agriculture sector.
A new World Bank report has highlighted the need for Pacific Island countries to better incorporate climate and disaster risk management into planning and development, while proposing priority investments and policies to boost resilience to the year 2040.
Launched in Fiji today at the Symposium on Climate Change Adaptation in the Pacific Region, Pacific Possible: Climate and Disaster Resilience considers the economic costs of climate adaptation, and proposes adaptation strategies for areas including infrastructure and buildings, coastal protection, water resources, flooding and agriculture, with special consideration given to the unique challenges of atoll islands.
“Climate change and extreme weather events have the potential to adversely affect coastal zones, water resources, health, infrastructure, agriculture and food security,” said Denis Jordy, Senior Environmental Specialist at the World Bank. “And if new investments are not properly planned, they risk exacerbating the impacts of natural hazards and climate change by increasing the vulnerability and exposure of those at risk.”
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Minister of Climate Change’s Preamble
It is with pleasure that I hereby submit to Parliament the 2015 Annual Report of the Ministry of Climate Change Adaptation (MCCA), Meteorology & Geo-Hazards, Energy, Environment and National Disaster Management Office.
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process of preparing the 2015 Annual Report has provided a very valuable opportunity for the Ministry team to look back to the year that has passed, reflect on achievements and challenges but also analyse issuesso as to be better prepared and resourced to pre-position the Ministry and Vanuatu for the challenges that will no doubt arise in the new year of 2016.
In 2015 the nation of Vanuatu faced two extreme events: the Category 5 Cyclone Pam and then the strongest El Nino since 1952. These two occurrences tested the capacity of a new Ministry established in December 2013. Government of Vanuatu Ministries and agencies worked together with international and regional partners, donors and Non-Government Organisations to provide critically important expertise. The strong support of the public and private sectors in Vanuatu and internationally must be recognised. A world-wide FLASH Appeal provided valuable financial assistance to response and later, Recovery and Reconstruction Programs.
Cyclone Pam provided valuable lessons for all stakeholders – particularly the natural resilience and knowledge of our people who over hundreds of years developed traditional coping mechanisms to face natural disasters. We realised that the National Disaster Management Office needed better resourcing and operational frameworks – human, legal, policy, technical and budgetary – so that this office is more strongly positioned to carry out its critically important coordination role. As the world’s most vulnerable nation to natural disasters, we must ensure we are better prepared for future emergencies.
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Honourable Minister Ham LINI VANUAROROA, MCCA
It is with pleasure that I hereby present the 2016 to 2018 Corporate Plan for the Ministry of Climate Change Adaptation (MCCA), Meteorology & Geo-Hazards, Energy, Environment and National Disaster Management Office.
As the first Minister for the new Ministry when it was created in late 2013, it is with considerable pleasure that I read our new Corporate Plan. As a young Ministry, we have come a long way but we still have so much to do to achieve our Mission and Vision to support Government planning priorities and strategies as defined by the recently approved National Sustainable Development Plan 2016 - 2030.
A Corporate Plan is like a Road Map guiding a traveller along difficult pathways towards a far away and unfamiliar destination. To guide our journey, this Plan provides clear objectives, activities, identifies funding needs, human resources and indicators to track and report both achievements and issues needing resolution.
I look forward to actively support and progress the strategies in the MCCA Corporate Plan.
Introduction by DG Jesse Benjamin, MCCA
The Ministry of Climate Change Adaptation (MCCA) Meteorology and Geo- Hazards, Energy Environment and the National Disasters Management is relatively new. The Council of Ministers (COM number 18/2013), strongly supported the re-alignment of Departments from other Ministries in a new organisation. An examination of the Departments comprising the Ministry makes the purpose of this strategic amalgamation clear – bringing together the key government of Vanuatu agencies with responsibilities for environmental, Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction issues.
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Climate Adaptation Methodology for Protected Areas (CAMPA) Coastal and Marine is designed to build the resilience of protected areas and associated ecosystems based on a thorough understanding of their vulnerability to climate change and a participatory agreement on the best ways to respond to these threats. With minor adjustments the methodology could be adapted to terrestrial and freshwater protected areas.
CAMPA does two main things:
• It provides practical and scientifically sound guidance to facilitate climate change vulnerability assessments of coastal and marine protected areas (CMPAs).
• Based on an understanding of that vulnerability, it then facilitates decisionmaking on the most appropriate adaptation actions.
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A national debriefing workshop to identify lessons learned following Tropical Cyclone Pam (TC Pam) was facilitatedby the Vanuatu National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) with support from the Pacific Community (SPC) andthe European Union (EU). Technical support was also provided by SPC through the Building Safety and Resilience in the Pacific (BSRP) project and in close cooperation with sector partners. The Tropical Cyclone Pam Lessons Learned Workshop was held in Port Vila, Vanuatu, from 24 to 25 June 2015 to review key aspects of coordination, including preparation and response. This report summarises the discussions and outcomes from that workshop.
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The development objective of the Infrastructure Reconstruction and Improvement Project for Vanuatu is to reconstruct and/or improve the disaster and climate resilience of selected public sector assets in provinces impacted by Tropical Cyclone (TC) Pam, and to provide immediate and effective response to an Eligible Crisis or Emergency.
Work will focus on fixing damage related to roads, schools and public buildings with improvements including better drainage and at least one building in selected schools being brought up to the standard required for an evacuation center. If needed, the project also allows funds to be used for eligible emergencies, providing faster and more streamlined access to cash in the case of future natural disasters.
Funded through the International Development Association Crisis Response Window, the project is made up of a US$25 million credit and US$25 million grant, and is consistent with the Government of Vanuatu’s Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Management National Action Plan (2006-2016), and the Vanuatu Infrastructure Strategic Investment Plan (2015-2024). The project consists of five components.
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