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EXTREME HEAT IMPACTS ON ELECTRICITY DEMAND IN EFATE
This case study examines the impact of temperature on electricity demand in Efate. Guidance around conducting this type of step-by-step assessment is provided in more detail on the Van-KIRAP web portal, along with other case studies (called infobytes), factsheets, visualisation tools and technical resources. This case study can be used as an example for undertaking similar climate hazard-based impact assessments.
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Pacific Tool for Resilience
PARTneR will enable Pacific government Ministries and stakeholder organisation to effectively developed and used risk-based information to support development decision making on DRR & DRM
PARTneR will tailor RiskScape, a disaster impact mapping and modelling software developed jointly with New Zealand NIWA and GNS science.
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The ‘Coping with climate change in the Pacific Island Region (CCCPIR)’ programme aims to strengthen the capacities of Pacific member countries and regional organisations to cope with the impacts of climate change. The programme is funded by the government of the Federal Republic of Germany through the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and implemented through GIZ working in partnership with SPC and SPREP.
The programme commenced its activities in 2009 working with Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu. In 2011 the program was expanded to another nine Pacific Island Countries, namely the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the duration has been extended until 2019. The programme brief available at http://www.spc.int/lrd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=478&Itemid=44 gives further details.
At the regional level, the programme aligns with the Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific (FRDP). The programme will support countries in implementing key strategic priorities in the area of climate change including, where relevant, their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), National Adaptation Programmes for Action (NAPA), National Communications to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and other relevant national strategies, polices and plans.
The overall objective of the programme is that ‘the capacities of regional organisations in the Pacific Islands region and its member states to adapt to climate change and mitigate its causes are strengthened’. This objective will be achieved through six components highlighted below.
Component 1: Strengthening regional advisory and management capacity
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The resources provided by this project will strengthen the NAB and assist the Government to conduct thorough hazard and risk assessment in the urban areas and use the data to inform national land use planning policies including the design of a tsunami warning system for both urban areas.
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PIC governments are taking proactive steps to address climate change priorities through the development of national climate change policies, joint national action plans, integrating climate change and disaster risks into sector policies, and through the establishment of national climate change coordination and disaster risk mechanisms. Whilst PIC governments have taken an active role in progressing national and regional climate change priorities, challenges persist in terms of human capacity constraints in central climate change, finance and planning agenciesto develop and manage multi-sectoral climate change projects and programmes and access global climate change finance; gaps with linkages between central climate change, finance, planning and key sector ministries due to fragile or lack of institutional arrangements and enabling policies to facilitate cross sector collaboration and shared learnings.This results in fragmented approaches which affect coordination and communication and further results in the slow implementation of climate change policies, plans, projects and programmes.
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The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives substantial variability in tropical cyclone (TC) activity around the world1–3 . However, it remains uncertain how the projected future changes in ENSO under greenhouse warming4–8 will aect TC activity, apart from an expectation that the overall frequency of TCs is likely to decrease for most ocean basins9–11. Here we show robust changes in ENSO-driven variability in TC occurrence by the late twenty-first century. In particular, we show that TCs become more frequent (∼20–40%) during future-climate El Niño events compared with present-climate El Niño events—and less frequent during future-climate La Niña events—around a group of small island nations (for example, Fiji, Vanuatu, Marshall Islands and Hawaii) in the Pacific. We examine TCs across 20 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 database12, forced under historical and greenhouse warming conditions. The 12 most realistic models identified show a strong consensus on El Niño-driven changes in future-climate large-scale environmental conditions that modulate development of TCs over the o-equatorial western Pacific and the central North Pacific regions. These results have important implications for climate change and adaptation pathways for the vulnerable Pacific island nations.
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Between May 2013 and December 2014, CARE implemented a disaster risk reduction project in Vanuatu’s TAFEA province. The Yumi Redi 2 project aimed to increase the capacity of vulnerable communities to prepare for and respond to disasters. This case study of the village of Dillons Bay (on Errromango island) illustrates the impact of this project on the community’s practices before, during and after Cyclone Pam. Striking Vanuatu on March 13th 2015, this category five cyclone was one of the worst storms ever to hit the region.
In particular, this case study highlights the impact of the DIPECHO and Australian Aid funded project on the community’s capacity to share DRR messages; understand, heed and disseminate emergency warnings; prepare at household and community level; identify and manage evacuation centres; evacuate the community; consider the needs of vulnerable people; conduct needs assessments; develop links between various authorities within and outside the community; develop and support strong leaders and manage the initial emergency response until additional help arrives.
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Released by the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), this document provides definitions in the three working languages of the Republic of Vanuatu (Bislama, English, and French) for six natural hazards: cyclones, earthquakes, floods, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanoes.
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This project, titled: ACP-EU Building Safety & Resilience in the Pacific is the Pacific component of the 10th EDF Intra-ACP envelope for Disaster Risk Reduction. It corresponds directly to priorities identified under the 2009 EU Strategy for Supporting Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries and its implementation plan.
This is the Project's Information Sheet.
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The Increasing Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards Project (IRCCNH) is a program of works for Vanuatu to improve the resilience of smallholders and communities to the impact of climate variability and change on food, household water security and livelihoods. The project has been effective since April 2013, but in February 2017 the Government of Vanuatu (GoV) requested a restructure to simplify the project and focus on community-level investments following Tropical Cyclone (TC) Pam.
The revised Project Development Objective is to strengthen disaster risk management systems and pilot investments in select villages in the Recipient’s territory to increase resilience to the impacts of natural hazards and climate variability and change. The proposed support will focus on resilient livelihoods through increased access to fresh water and improved agricultural methods, and will be implemented by the Project Management Unit in the Vanuatu Metrology and Geo-hazards Department (VMGD).
This Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) sets out the principles and procedures for managing the environmental and social aspects of the restructured project, and supersedes the previous ESMF dated 20 March 2012. The rationale of applying a framework is that specific details of the project activities will only be known during project implementation. The purpose of a framework is to guide the VMGD on how to screen the activities and manage any issues during implementation.
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This brochure contains information on the IRCCNH project.
The Increasing Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards (IRCCNH) Project in Vanuatu is a project belonging to the Vanuatu Government and is currently implemented by the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-hazards Department (VMGD) under the Ministry of Climate Change and Natural Disasters.
The brochure contains the Project Profile information andd outlines the project objectives, beneficiaries and Key Stakeholder Partners.
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This is the first edition of the Increasing Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards (IRCCNH) Project newsletter. This quarterly newsletter is an initiative to share information on the project’s activities to increasing the resilience of our people and communi-ties to the issues affecting our countries as a result of climate change and natural hazards in Vanuatu. In this first edition, we provide an overview of the IRCCNH Project approach and locations and some high-lights of components past activities in various project sites in Vanuatu. We hope you will find it to be in-formative and interesting to find out the type of activi-ties the project is imple-menting in your areas in the past years in terms of addressing issues concern-ing climate change and natural hazards. You can find out more by contacting our office in Port Vila or by checking the NAB Portal.
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This handbook gives the guidelines for organizing, developing, and evaluating simulations and drills and describes different uses for the exercises in the context of emergencies and disasters. It has been written primarily for heatlh sector organizations that are in the process of reviewing and updating emergency preparedness and response plans, but institutions from other sectors will also find it useful.
The Pan American Health Organization has worked with a group of experts from Latin America and the Caribbean to prepare a series of practical guidelines for planning and carrying out simulations and drills.
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It is a plan that details the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery arrangements in the event of a cyclone impacting on the Republic of Vanuatu. This plan clearly states out the guidelines and information to all responding agencies on what needs to be done in coordinated planning during a cyclone in line with the National Disaster Management Act NO 31 of 2000 and the Disaster Risk Management National Action Plan 2006-2016.
Vanuatu is the world’s most at risk country for natural hazards, according to a UN University World Risk Index. A proof to that study result is the passage of devastating Category 5 Tropical Cyclone Pam (TC Pam) in March 2015 where numbers of lessons learned have been raised and discussed amongst humanitarian bodies as recommendations and way forward.
The NDMO is pleased to confirm that this 2016-2017 review of the Cyclone Support Plan is the major review of that document so far. We made sure that keys points raised during the TC Pam ‘Lessons Learned’ workshop were captured in this plan for a better coordination of response right after a cyclone has occurred. National coordination is indeed very important to make sure all the available resources are used accordingly to avoid duplication of effort.
Disaster is everybody’s business, for this reason number of consultations have been conducted with various government agencies and working stakeholders to collect their inputs and including them in this review of the plan. This document is the foundation of all agencies to see how best they can prepare to respond to cyclones at the right time, with the right resources, for the benefit of the affected people anywhere in Vanuatu.
To download the copy of the Cyclone Support Plan 2016-2017, visit the Vanuatu NDMO website via this link.
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First state-of-the-art quantitative and probabilistic assessment of major perils in the Pacific
• Covering entire landmass of 15 island countries • Regional exposure database; – one of the largest and most comprehensive globally• Analysis of fiscal risk exposure based on country risk profiles• Disaster risk financing solutions• Open access to risk information
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This Urban Risk Management Strategy (the URMS or the Strategy) provides a response to the hazards, risks and urban growth trends identified for Vanuatu’s two urban areas, the greater Port Vila Urban Area and Luganville. It is Stage 3 of the Risk Mapping and Planning for Urban Preparedness Project (the Project) being undertaken by the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD) as part of the broader Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction Project. It also responds to the maping and assessment of earthquake, wind, river flood, coastal inundation and tsunami hazards and risks undertaken during Stage 2 of the Project. Moreover, it provides risk informed approaches to strengthen the formal physical planning framework and the informal (socio-political) system by incorporating risk information and risk reduction considerations into processes, policies and community activities.
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Vanuatu is one of the most vulnerable countries to natural hazards on the planet, (World Bank, 2011). More than three quarters of the population are at risk from not just one, but multiple disaster events, including: tsunamis, volcano eruptions, flooding, cyclones and many more. According to the Pacific Catastrophic Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative (PCRAFI), undertaken by SPC and World Bank in 2010, Vanuatu can lose up to VT4 Billion in one year due to cyclone and earthquakes. Against this backdrop, Disaster risk management has become a cross-cutting issue that affects all sectors of Vanuatu and all development priorities and programs. Disaster risk management and climate change have been included into the current Priorities for Action Agenda 2011-2016. In September 2012, Vanuatu launched the National Advisory Board on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction (NAB) to better manage and coordinate Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction programs in Vanuatu and facilitate mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction into sectoral policies and planning. The resources provided by this project will strengthen the NAB and assist the Government to conduct thorough hazard and risk assessment in the urban areas and use the data to inform national land use planning policies including the design of a Tsunami warning system for both urban areas.
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As of the 2009 Census, the total population on the island of Santo was 39,606 people. Santo is the second highest populated island in Vanuatu, second only to Efate. Luganville, with a population of 13,167 is the second largest town in Vanuatu and is located on the southern coast of the island, approximately a 1.5 hour drive from the project site. According to the 2009 Census, the annual population growth rate for Santo is 2.4%.
As the largest island in Vanuatu, Santo has an extensive mountain range along its southern & western coasts with many large rivers and creeks extending into the uplands. The eastern coast is relatively flat in comparison and is primarily used for agricultural purposes. A large natural harbor is present in the north called Big Bay, where a significant portion of the island’s population islocated. The interior of the island is inaccessible and populated sparsely by tribes of Ni-Vanuatu living traditional subsistence agrarian lifestyles, many of whom do not speak Bislama or wear Western clothing. A majority of the offshore islands in Sanma Province are located off of the southeast corner of Santo.
There is substantial road access throughout the vast island of Santo, although there are many areas where road access is poor or there is no road access whatsoever and where communities rely only on footpaths or boats for transportation. The road from Luganville to Port Olry, which spans the eastern coast of Santo, is in excellent condition with tar-sealed bitumen and drainage provided through funding from the US government through the Millenium Challenge Corporation and was recently completed in 2011. The wide roads in the main town of Luganville are in good condition despite the need for minor repairs in certain areas and were originally built by the American armed forces during World War II when Santo served as a base for American troops.
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Following TC Pam NDMO recognised the need for enhanced community based disaster risk management responses. As such over the last year NDMO has been working with its key in country partners to review, revise and update certain processes and tools. One of those DRM processes and tools is the community based disaster assessment process. Community based disaster assessments are the first assessment undertaken following a disaster on the ground in Vanuatu and is envisaged to be completed where possible by trained community disaster and climate change committees (CDCCC) members supported by local and provincial government. This approach is to empower communities in achieving ownership and greater participation in the negative impacts of disasters that directly affect them.
Training CDCCC’s in the community assessment processes and its supporting tools has been ongoing during 2016 in targeted communities within Torba and Tafea Provinces as part of the Yumi Redi Consortium project.
Yumi Redi Consortium in conjunction with UNOCHA has been working in collaboration with NDMO to produce an updated first community assessment form and accompanying guidelines to be undertaken at community level and develop a consolidation, analysis and reporting process of community based assessment data at provincial level. The revised community disaster assessment form and its guidelines were launched by the NDMO during a national training in September 2016.
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The annual cyclone season for the Republic of Vanuatu commences in November and extends to the end of April the following year. While cyclones can develop outside of this period, their cyclical nature increases the predictability of such occurrences and thus enables pre-planned measures to be formulated beforehand and community preparedness programmes to be put in place and promulgated.
The aim of this plan is to detail the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery arrangements in the event of a cyclone impacting on the Republic of Vanuatu, in line with the requirements of the National Disaster Act. The Cyclone Support Plan provides for the mobilisation and co-ordination of the Country's resources, both public and private, to deal with an impending Tropical Cyclone emergency.
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The Forty-Seventh Pacific Islands Forum was held in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia from 8 – 10 September 2016 and was attended by Heads of State and Government of Australia, the Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Nauru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. The Solomon Islands was represented by their Deputy Prime Minister, the Republic of Fiji, Niue and the Republic of Palau by their Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Kiribati by a Special Envoy. The Forum Leaders’ Retreat was held at FSM Congress Chamber in Palikir on 10 September 2016.
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The FRDP identifies three inter-related goals that need to be actively pursued by all stakeholders, working in partnership, in order to enhance resilience to disasters and climate change in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty.
1. Strengthened integrated adaptation and risk reduction to enhance resilience to climate change and disasters Pursuing this goal entails successfully managing risks caused by climate change and disasters in an integrated manner where possible, within social and economic development planning processes and practices, in order to reduce the accumulation of such risks, and prevent the creation of new risks or loss and damage. This goal will contribute to strengthening resilient development and achieving efficiencies in resource management.
2. Low-carbon development Pursuing this goal revolves mainly around reducing the carbon intensity of development processes, increasing the efficiency of end-use energy consumption, increasing the conservation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and enhancing the resilience of energy infrastructure. This goal will contribute to having more resilient energy infrastructure in place, and to increase energy security, while decreasing net emissions of greenhouse gases.
3. Strengthened disaster preparedness, response and recovery Pursuing this goal includes improving the capacity of PICTs to prepare for emergencies and disasters, thereby ensuring timely and effective response and recovery in relation to both rapid and slow onset disasters, which may be exacerbated or caused by climate change. Disaster preparedness, response and recovery initiatives will reduce undue human losses and suffering, and minimize adverse consequences for national, provincial, local and community economic, social and environmental systems.
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A national debriefing workshop to identify lessons learned following Tropical Cyclone Pam (TC Pam) was facilitatedby the Vanuatu National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) with support from the Pacific Community (SPC) andthe European Union (EU). Technical support was also provided by SPC through the Building Safety and Resilience in the Pacific (BSRP) project and in close cooperation with sector partners. The Tropical Cyclone Pam Lessons Learned Workshop was held in Port Vila, Vanuatu, from 24 to 25 June 2015 to review key aspects of coordination, including preparation and response. This report summarises the discussions and outcomes from that workshop.
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As part of the preparedness towards any forthcoming disasters and continuous monitoring of the agricultural sector, the RRU in collaboration with FAO and DARD have established an early warning early action system that is run by the Risk and Resilience Unit (RRU) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Fisheries and Biosecurity (MALFFB) to the agricultural extension officers. The department of agriculture has a total of 45 extension officers that are based on all of the 6 provinces covering almost all the area councils of every island. The early warning early action system is mainly setup as a system monitoring the growth of main carbohydrate crops, vegetables and fruits and also the additional information’s from the officers on any other crops or just any unusual on the agriculture. This report serves to show what is collected from the extension officers and provincial agricultural officers during the seventh round of phone calls and show that if there is a spike in the data, then there would be need of further investigation.
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This paper sets out a framework for ‘Risk Governance’ to help practitioners mainstream climate and disaster risk1 into development decision making in the Pacific. It is based largely on the experiences of testing this framework in the Pacific via the Pacific Risk Resilience Programme (PRRP). It aims to:
i) articulate the rationale for strengthening risk governance as the foundation for transformational and therefore more sustained risk mainstreaming;
ii) draw upon lessons and challenges from mainstreaming other cross-cutting issues;
iii) unpack the Risk Governance framework and its building blocks to provide practitioners with an approach to embedding risk into development policy and practice; and iv) provide some early experiences programming the building blocks of risk governance in the region.
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