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This study examines the effectiveness of DRM capacity building efforts of regional organizations in the Pacific with a view to comparing the actions of Pacific regional organizations with those acting in Southeast Asia and South Asia.
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This map contains contacts of Area Secretaries and Site Coordinators for the VCAP Project sites.
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This resource material is designed as a generic guide for planning, implementing and reporting an integrated vulnerability assessment (IVA) that targets atoll communities in the Pacific Islands region. It is based on a sustainable livelihoods-based approach that combines the assessment of vulnerability to both climate change and disasters.
The key principles of this IVA toolkit include the: • interconnectedness of social and ecological systems; • interconnectedness of sectors (e.g. water, forestry, agriculture, fisheries) and livelihood assets (natural, infrastructural, human, financial and institutional); • long-term and continuous iterative learning and knowledge co-production between local communities and technical resilient development practitioners; • an emphasis on participatory learning and action (PLA) tools that values, draws and builds on traditional and local knowledge experience so as to give local communities ‘ownership’ and empowerment; • facilitation of inclusive decision-making that creates opportunities for engaging vulnerable groups; and • the valuing of local and traditional knowledge and the full engagement and ownership of beneficiaries at various stages of the resilient development process.
This toolkit is a product of a comprehensive design, trial and reflection process on the part of the Kiribati National Expert Group (KNEG), SPC, SPREP and GIZ climate adaptation and disaster risk management practitioners
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Torba is the most northern and isolated province in Vanuatu. The province has an estimated population of 9,359 people and a land-area of 882 km². Its capital is Sola on the island of Vanua Lava. There are two groups of islands in Torba Province, which are the Banks Group and Torres Groups.
Torba is the perhaps the least developed province in Vanuatu. Transport is irregular and difficult. Communication is challenging. Infrastructure is limited on most islands with a few roads and vehicles present on Vanua Lava, Gaua & Mota Lava. Air Vanuatu provides regular service to Vanua Lava, Mota Lava, Gaua & Loh Island in the Torres Group. Small “banana boats” are relied upon heavily, despite frequent rough seas, to access remaining communities. The difficulty and infrequent level of transport in Torba Province has resulted in a much higher pricing for locals when they purchase commonly used goods and supplies such as fuel and tinned foods.
A missionary doctor, who is also a pilot, lives on the island of Gaua and makes routine visits to the islands in the Banks and Torres groups and transports patients to health facilities in Luganville, Santo and Port Vila, Efate as necessary. Additional landing strips for his small plane have been created on some additional islands as well in Torba Province as well but these are not serviced by Air Vanuatu.
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Tafea is the most southerly province in Vanuatu, consisting of 5 islands, some of which are among the most isolated in Vanuatu. Each island in the province has a diverse array of geographic features and natural resources.
The province has an estimated population of 32,540 people and an area of 1,628 km². The most populated island is Tanna, although its land mass is smaller than that of Erromango.Tanna contains over 80 percent of the Tafea’s population. The provincial capital Isangel is located here along with Tafea’s only municipality and its most developed commercial centre,Lenakel. An active volcano called Mt. Yassur attracts a large quantity of tourists to the island. A majority of the soil quality on Tanna is regarded as very rich and prime for agricultural activity.
The three largest islands in Tafea Province are Melanesian, but the smaller two, Aniwa and Futuna, have a distinct Polynesian influence due to early settlers and missionaries from Samoa. Futuna isrich in marine resources, although its rugged terrain composed of sheer cliffs and steep hillsides along with its strong coastal seas provide many challenges to locals.
Aniwa Island is the only coral island in Tafea, while the other four islands are volcanic and reach much higher elevations. Of the outer islands, it has the closest access to Tanna island and provincial services. Water security is a major concern on the island, although Aniwa is rich in its coastal fisheries, orange plantations and has many sandalwood trees.
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Shefa Province is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu, located in the lower centre of the country and it includes the islands of Epi, Efate and the Shepherds Group. It has a total population of 79,212people based on latest estimate by Vanuatu Statistics Office and an area of 1,455 km². Its capital is Port Vila, which is also the capital of the nation.
Epi Island is located in the northeast corner of the province. The Epi Sub-District Office, an integral part of the Shefa Provincial Government Council is located at Rovo Bay, in the Vermali Area Council.
At the time of the 2009 Census, the total population of Epi Island was 5,647 people, which includes the population of offshore Lamen Island. There are four Area Councils on Epi: Vermaul, Vermali, Varsu and Yarsu, collectively containing over 25 villages.
Epi receives an abundance of precipitation, ranging from 2.9m annually in the centre of the island to 2.2m annually on the northwest coast. The temperature on the island varies during hot and cool seasons, but averages approximately 24.9°C at the coast and is a few degrees cooler in the centre of the island.
Epi is seasonal and is warmer from November until April. Like the rest of Vanuatu, the island’s weather is strongly influenced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles. During the El Nino (warm phase) the country is subject to long dry spells. During the La Nina (cool phase) Vanuatu has prolonged wet conditions. Climate change predictions suggest that the intensification of the ENSO cycle will result in more intense wet and dry seasons. While the island has been affected by cyclones in the past, cyclones rarely hit the island. The last cyclone in Epi was in 1994. Cyclone frequency is not expected to increase with climate change.
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As of the 2009 Census, the total population on the island of Santo was 39,606 people. Santo is the second highest populated island in Vanuatu, second only to Efate. Luganville, with a population of 13,167 is the second largest town in Vanuatu and is located on the southern coast of the island, approximately a 1.5 hour drive from the project site. According to the 2009 Census, the annual population growth rate for Santo is 2.4%.
As the largest island in Vanuatu, Santo has an extensive mountain range along its southern & western coasts with many large rivers and creeks extending into the uplands. The eastern coast is relatively flat in comparison and is primarily used for agricultural purposes. A large natural harbor is present in the north called Big Bay, where a significant portion of the island’s population islocated. The interior of the island is inaccessible and populated sparsely by tribes of Ni-Vanuatu living traditional subsistence agrarian lifestyles, many of whom do not speak Bislama or wear Western clothing. A majority of the offshore islands in Sanma Province are located off of the southeast corner of Santo.
There is substantial road access throughout the vast island of Santo, although there are many areas where road access is poor or there is no road access whatsoever and where communities rely only on footpaths or boats for transportation. The road from Luganville to Port Olry, which spans the eastern coast of Santo, is in excellent condition with tar-sealed bitumen and drainage provided through funding from the US government through the Millenium Challenge Corporation and was recently completed in 2011. The wide roads in the main town of Luganville are in good condition despite the need for minor repairs in certain areas and were originally built by the American armed forces during World War II when Santo served as a base for American troops.
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Malampa is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu, located in the centre of the country and consisting of three main islands namely Malekula, Ambrym and Paama. It also includes a number of smaller offshore islands – the small islands of Uripiv, Norsup, Rano, Wala, Atchin and Vao off the coast of Malekula and the volcanic island of Lopevi near Paama (currently uninhabited). Also included are the Maskelynne Islands and other small islands suck as Akam and Avock along the south coast of Malekula. The total population of Malampa Province is 36,722 (2009 census) people and it contains an area of 2,779 km².
Malekula is the most populated and developed island in the province and houses the provincial capital named Lakatoro. Malekula receives an abundance of precipitation. The temperature on the island varies during the hot and cold seasons, but averages approximately 24.9°C at the coast and is a few degrees cooler in the centre of the island. Weather in Malekula is seasonal, and warmer from November until April and cooler and dryer period typically from May to October. Like the rest of Vanuatu, the island’s weather is strongly influenced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation cycles. During the El Nino (warm phase) the country is subject to long dry spells. During the La Nina (cool phase) Vanuatu has prolonged wet conditions.
Malekula is located on active geological faults. The southeastern side of the island experienced major earthquakes as recently as the 1990s and the land, e.g. Akam Island, was reported to have subsided by up to a depth of 1 meter. There are three active volcanoes located within Malampa Province: twin peaks on Ambrym Island and one located on Lopevi Island. The entire province is at a severe risk of tsunamis and earthquakes.
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Penama Province, Vanuatu is comprised of the three islands of Pentecost, Ambae and Maewo. It has a total population of 30,819 people based on the latest Census by the Vanuatu Statistics Office and a total land mass surface area of 1,193 km². The provincial capital is located on the island of Ambae at Seratamata.
Pentecost Island is the largest and most populated island in Penama Province with an area of 490 km² and a total population of 16,843 people according to the 2009 Census with an annual population growth rate of 1.8%. The island stretches north to south a distance of around 60 kilometres with an average width of less than 10 kilometres. There are four Area Councils on Pentecost: (from North to South) North Pentecost, Central Pentecost 1 (CP1), Central Pentecost 2 (CP2) and South Pentecost, which collectively contain over 50 villages with populations exceeding 100 people. The VSO recorded over 250 communities in total living in Pentecost, with populations ranging from a single household up to 307 villagers.
Underneath the four Area Councils on Pentecost, there are 23 Ward Councils, which are collections of “nakamals” or chiefly associations. There are 190 “nakamals” on Pentecost as reported by the Penama Provincial Government Council.
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This Provincial Disaster & Climate Response Plan (PDCRP) provides directive to all agencies on the conduct of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency operations. This plan has been formulated in compliance with section 9 Part 3 of National Disaster Act N0.31 of 2000 Section 11 subsection 5, and aligned with the National Climate Change & Disaster Risk Reduction Policy 2015- 2030, Section 7.1.4. The planning approach contained within focuses on a comprehensive hazard, climate change and disaster management strategy which clearly identifies and documents the essential organizational and procedural ingredients for adaptation to climate change effective prevention of, response to, and recovery from disasters. This document is subject to review based on experience of hazards and lessons learned from managing all hazards including those associated with Climate Change.
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According to the National Disaster Act each provincial council must prepare a Provincial Disaster Plan for the province to respond effectively to the impact of a disaster and should be tested regularly by provincial stakeholders to evaluate, adapt and update. The Provincial Simulation Exercise Guideline aims to provide conceptual framework and methodological guidance to test and review the Provincial Disaster and Climate Response Plans (PDCRP) developed by the provincial government officers with the support of National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) of Vanuatu and the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) stakeholders.
The handbook allows the Provincial Disaster and Climate Change Committees (PDCCC) and the Area Council Secretaries (ACS), to organize, develop and evaluate simulations and drills to reinforce their knowledge and skills in term of emergency and disSimulation Exerciseaster management and the Provincial Emergency Operation Center (PEOC), through (SimEx).
The target audience of this tool is the NDMO and DRR Stakeholders, from national and provincial level involved in the preparation and the facilitation of such exercise. The guideline proposes an approach to develop a provincial SimEx that can be adapted according to human resources, time frames and budgets available for this activity. It also provides a range of templates, forms, exercises, scenarios and injects that could be used for the SimEx implementation.
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Following TC Pam NDMO recognised the need for enhanced community based disaster risk management responses. As such over the last year NDMO has been working with its key in country partners to review, revise and update certain processes and tools. One of those DRM processes and tools is the community based disaster assessment process. Community based disaster assessments are the first assessment undertaken following a disaster on the ground in Vanuatu and is envisaged to be completed where possible by trained community disaster and climate change committees (CDCCC) members supported by local and provincial government. This approach is to empower communities in achieving ownership and greater participation in the negative impacts of disasters that directly affect them.
Training CDCCC’s in the community assessment processes and its supporting tools has been ongoing during 2016 in targeted communities within Torba and Tafea Provinces as part of the Yumi Redi Consortium project.
Yumi Redi Consortium in conjunction with UNOCHA has been working in collaboration with NDMO to produce an updated first community assessment form and accompanying guidelines to be undertaken at community level and develop a consolidation, analysis and reporting process of community based assessment data at provincial level. The revised community disaster assessment form and its guidelines were launched by the NDMO during a national training in September 2016.
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This Project Profile form outlines the Pacific Risk Resilience programme (PRRP) which focuses on strengthening governance mechanisms for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) at the sub-national and local levels. The goal of the programme is: to strengthen the resilience of Pacific island communities to disasters and climate change related risk.
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This policy brief is the product of testing, learning and adapting a mainstreaming approach to resilient development in the Pacific. It is based on an in-depth review and analysis of global and regional literature on approaches to mainstreaming, climate change and disaster risk management and governance reform. It draws on extensive testing of mainstreaming approaches in four countries (Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji and Tonga) carried out through the Pacific Risk Resilience Programme (PRRP). It highlights the importance of engaging development decision makers and practitioners at all levels of governance for the management of climate change and disaster risks.
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Suva, Fiji – A major new report, Reviving Melanesia’s Ocean Economy: The Case for Action, launched today, has revealed that the ocean is a much larger part of Melanesia’s economy and future prosperity than previously understood.
Melanesia is a large sub-region in the Pacific that extends from the western end of the Pacific Ocean to the Arafura Sea, and eastward to Fiji. The region includes Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.
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Abstract
The process of building resilience to hazards encounters complex challenges of gaps and overlaps among government and non-government stakeholders involved in decision-making for and practice of Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation, Disaster Management and resilience-related Sustainable Development. Networked governance appears to be an appropriate system for the development of decision-making and decision-implementation to address the complexities of resilience-building in Small Island Developing States. The networked disaster governance system of Vanuatu served as a case study to analyse key factors affecting resiliencebuilding, such as high multi-hazard exposure, geographic and ideological distance between decision-makers and aid recipients, and the complexity of the coexistence of local, national, regional and international powers.
The use of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies – Earth System Governance framework, Social Network Analysis and Qualitative Comparative Analysis – identified governance structures supporting the development of resilience. An extensive literature review, data collection and analysis contributed to the development of a conceptual framework to assess the potential of a networked disaster governance system. This framework consists of four pillars: Government–non-government Networking, Cross-sectoral Networking, Networked Leadership and Networked Learning.
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Hanbuk ia Nasonal Disasta Manejmen Ofis (NDMO) blong Vanuatu i mekem blong ol ofisablong gavman mo olgeta we oli wantem karemaot ol wok blong Komuniti Bes Disasta RiskRidaksen (CBDRR). Hanbuk ia hem i talem wanem nao mo hao nao yumi sud mekem olCBDRR aktiviti long ol komuniti long Vanuatu.Stamba tingting blong hanbuk ia hem i blong givhan long ol ejensi blong sapotem NDMOblong setemap ol KOMUNITI DISASTA MO KLAEMET JENS KOMITI (CDCCC) long ol komunitiwe disasta i stap afektem olgeta plante, mo trenem ol komuniti ia blong oli kam moa rereblong fesem disasta.Tingting blong ol trening we oli stap long hanbuk ia oli blong divelopem wan KOMUNITIDISASTA PLAN blong ol komuniti. Plan ia bae i kam olsem wan buk we ol CDCCC oli savewok long hem blong oli redi long ol disasta o manejem ol emejensi.YUSUM HANBUK IATOKSAVE
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The Pacific Resilience Program (PREP) is a ‘Series of Projects’ articulated in two Phases at this stage, with the potential of a third and/or fourth phase in the future. The initial participants for Phase I are Samoa, Tonga, the Republic of Marshal Islands (RMI), Vanuatu, the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS) and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). There has been previous World Bank engagement within the Phase I countries of Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu in the areas of disaster risk management (DRM) and climate resilience. Potential participants in Phase II include the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Fiji, and the Solomon Islands.
The participating Phase I countries and potential Phase II countries all have a high risk profile and are subject to frequent rapid onset disasters, and all (apart from FSM & Fiji) have been part of the Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative (PCRAFI) scheme, on which the PREP will build. While all of these countries have expressed an interest in participating in the PREP, Tonga and Samoa will participate in Component 1 (Strengthening Early Warning and Preparedness) , Component 2 (Mainstreaming Risk Reduction and Resilient Investments) and Component 3 (Disaster Risk Financing) during the first phase because they have demonstrated strong commitment to: (I) continue to participate in the PCRAFI catastrophe risk insurance scheme beyond 2015; (ii) have developed and/or will develop a prioritized climate and disaster resilient investment plan as set out under Sub- component 2.1.2; and (iii) mobilize International Development Association (IDA) funds for disaster risk financing, insurance, and resilient investment. RMI and Vanuatu will join Phase I of the Program for Sub-component 3.1.2 only, in order to finance the yearly premium for the catastrophe risk insurance.
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This report assesses adaptive capacity in the Tegua island community in northern Vanuatu and examines the role of the ‘Capacity Building for the Development of Adaptation Measures in Pacific Island Countries’ (CBDAMPIC) relocation project in shaping it.
This case study illuminates the opportunities for, and barriers to, adaptive capacity in the Tegua island community in northern Vanuatu, using a Pacific-specific analysis framework developed by a collaborative effort between the University of the South Pacific (USP), the Red Cross and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). It examines the experiences of the community in a pilot project involving relocation and water resource management as part of the regional Capacity Building for the Development of Adaptation Measures in Pacific Island Countries (CBDAMPIC) program for climate change adaptation. In particular, it examines the impacts of the CBDAMPIC pilot project in shaping adaptive capacity in this community.
This report was supported by funding from the Australian Government under the Pacific Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning (PACCSAP) program.
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This annex report captures and describes the various community engagement tools and approaches utilized while facilitating community based vulnerability assessments and CCAPlanning activities for the project “Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Zone in Vanuatu” known as VCAP (Vanuatu Coastal Adaptation Project). V-CAP is a 5-year climatechange adaptation project supported by the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) managed by the Global Environment Facility. The Government of Vanuatu is implementingVCAP through partnership with UNDP.
Component 1 of VCAP, which consists of integrated community approaches to climate change adaptation, is the largest component of the project and will be implemented in all 6provinces of Vanuatu. This component will focus at both the community and Area Council levels. In 2015, this component focused on implementation in three provinces: Tafea, Shefaand Penama provinces (*see Project Board Meeting minutes from June 18, 2015 for more information).
The VCAP Project Board Minutes from June 18th, 2015 contain reference to the Project Board endorsing vulnerability assessment and CCA planning missions with communities onPage 3: “DG Napat states that in the interim, Request for Service from UNDP may be necessary to start initial engagement with communities, as the government has beenpreoccupied with early recovery efforts from TC Pam and political instability. When Project Implementation Unit is hired and functioning within PMU, it will be easier to take the lead inthis NIM but it is important not to fall behind now”.
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The WASH Media materials consists of the following audio and video files:
AD 1 WASH - This audio relates the message of using clean and safe water in food preparation.
AD 2 WASH - This audio relates the message of using clean and safe water and being hygienic with food.
AD 3 WASH - This audio relates the message of getting clean water to prevent sicknesses such as diarrhoea.
AD 4 WASH - This audio relates the message of getting clean water and other necessities ready before a cyclone.
AD 5 WASH - This audio relates the message of proper water management practises as well as good hygience and sanitation for toilets.
AD 6 WASH - This audio relates the message of proper water management.
Confliction (Rap blong WASH) - This youtube video relates the message of how unclean water results in sickness thus how we should preserve clean water and practise good water management to be ready for disasters.
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