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On behalf of the Vanuatu Government, I wish to thank all participants who attended the Ambae Volcano Evacuation and Repatriation Review Workshop and all the agencies, cluster partners, communities, individuals and the provincial governments (Sanma and Penama) who supported the relief efforts during this event.
I also acknowledge United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for their generous assistance in funding this very important workshop and the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) as the lead facilitator.
An acknowledgement is also extended to Vanuatu Reach for audio recordings during the workshop that were used to synthesis this report.
The Review workshop has resulted in the development of this report ultimately containing recommendations and exploring ways forward to improve our disaster response.
The reponse operation has brought collaborative partnerships at all levelswith generous donations of funds, labour and goods.
The Government of Vanuatu, with the support of humanitarian partners, continues to assist the communities of Ambae in re-establishing and strengthening basic services across all affected areas on the island.
Vanuatu is ranked as the most vulnerable country in the world to multi-hazard natural disasters. The recommendations from this Review Workshop Report will provide a guide for pragmatic future planning and response.
Mr Abraham NasakDirectorNational Disaster Management OfficeGovernment of Vanuatu
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The Cloud Nasara Pacific Climate Animation Project aims to increase awareness of the science and impacts of climate variability in the Pacific, and to provoke discussion around how communities can take ‘low regrets’ actions to prepare for future El Niño and La Niña events and adapt to climate change. Cloud Nasara is an innovative new collaboration between Red Cross and the Australian Government’s Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning Program (PACCSAP). The project is being implemented by the Red Cross, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-hazards Department (VMGD) and the SPC-GIZ Climate Change Program. Two short comical animation films are being developed as communication tools. One film will give an overview of climate processes and impacts in the Pacific region as a whole. The other film will be specifically focused on Vanuatu as a pilot country. They will be accompanied by a comprehensive ‘tool kit’ which will include resources to help facilitators link the information presented in the animation to decision making and action. The Cloud Nasara project is being developed through an ongoing consultative process, which includes research, focus groups, forums and direct communication with key stakeholders in Vanuatu and across the Pacific region. Cloud Nasara will be launched in June 2013. The films and accompanying resources will be useful for organisations, government, schools, and community groups in Pacific countries and by regional bodies across the Pacific and may assist those working in areas such as disaster risk management, health, food security, community planning, and environmental protection. Contact: Ula Majewski – umajewski@meteo.gov.vu
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The ‘Coping with climate change in the Pacific Island Region (CCCPIR)’ programme aims to strengthen the capacities of Pacific member countries and regional organisations to cope with the impacts of climate change. The programme is funded by the government of the Federal Republic of Germany through the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and implemented through GIZ working in partnership with SPC and SPREP.
The programme commenced its activities in 2009 working with Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu. In 2011 the program was expanded to another nine Pacific Island Countries, namely the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the duration has been extended until 2019. The programme brief available at http://www.spc.int/lrd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=478&Itemid=44 gives further details.
At the regional level, the programme aligns with the Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific (FRDP). The programme will support countries in implementing key strategic priorities in the area of climate change including, where relevant, their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), National Adaptation Programmes for Action (NAPA), National Communications to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and other relevant national strategies, polices and plans.
The overall objective of the programme is that ‘the capacities of regional organisations in the Pacific Islands region and its member states to adapt to climate change and mitigate its causes are strengthened’. This objective will be achieved through six components highlighted below.
Component 1: Strengthening regional advisory and management capacity
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Tropical Cyclone (TC) Pam was one of the worstnatural disasters in the history of Vanuatu. Thecountry suffered loss and damage to an extentthat vastly overwhelmed its own capacities. Astrong El Niño, in the months following the cyclone, actedas additional multiplier for existing development problems,especially with regard to water and food securityin rural areas. In many ways, the cyclone and its impactsreflect political, conceptual and operational challengesthat lie at the heart of the current debate on loss anddamage (L&D) and clearly illustrate the need for comprehensiveclimate risk management (CRM).TC Pam has been recognised as an opportunity to learnlessons and draw up recommendations for [German]development cooperation (DC) and its partners in theregion on how to address the issue of comprehensiveclimate risk management, including climate risk insurance.The objectives of this study were to identify thoselessons in order to inform Germany’s current and futureregional cooperation in Vanuatu and the South Pacificregion.This report gives an overview and socio-economiccharacteristics, disaster risk and CRM institutions andprogrammes in Vanuatu and the region and providesbackground on activities of German development cooperation.It further presents the main findings on lessonslearned from the response and recovery phase basedon a review of available documentation and a mission toVanuatu in October 2015. The last chapter details recommendationsdeveloped by the mission team.Climate change represents one of the greatest challengesfacing the South Pacific region. In response to thesechallenges, the Pacific is the first region in the world thatintegrates climate change and disaster risk managementinto a single overarching regional strategy. A number of
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The impacts of climate change are increasingly becoming evident in the Pacific. Our communities need to build resilience to face more extreme weather and more regular disasters.
Vanuatu Red Cross Society is proud to have been involved in the development of the City Wide Risk Assessment Do-It-Together Toolkit for building urban community resilience. We thank the Global Disaster Preparedness Centre for selecting Vanuatu as a trial site for the coalition building climate change project.
We look forward to implementing the toolkit, and sharing the knowledge with other countries that are facing a similar situation in the fight against climate change.
Ol efekts blong klaemet jens oli stap inkris plante mo yumi witnesem lo Pacific. Ol komunities blong yumi oli nid blong buildim ap mo stanap blong facem moa denjares weta mo fulap strong disasta.
Vanuatu Red Cross Sosaeti I praod blong stanap strong mo involvem hem lo development blong “City Waed Risk Assessment blong Mekem Tugeta Tulkit” blong bildimap komuniti istanap strong long taon blong yumi. Yumi talem tankyu long Klobal Disasta Preparedness Senta blong isave selectem Vanuatu olsem wan trael ples blong kolition building Klimate Jes Projek.
Yumi luk forward blong yumi save wok tugeta blong applaem tulkit, sherem save wetem ol nara kaontris we oli facem semak situeson blong faet akensem klamat jens.
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The Vanuatu NGO Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Program (the program), locally known as Yumi stap redi long Klaemet Jenis, began in July 2012 and was completed in December 2014. It was funded by the Australian Government through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)’s Community-based Climate Change Action Grant and implemented by Oxfam, CARE International in Vanuatu (CARE), Save the Children (SC), Vanuatu Red Cross Society (VRCS) in partnership with the French Red Cross Society (FRCS), the Vanuatu Rural Development Training Centre Association (VRDTCA), and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). The overall goal of the program was to increase the resilience of Vanuatu’s women, men and young people with respect to the unavoidable impacts of climate change.
This report presents findings and provides recommendations from an ex-post evaluation of the program conducted two-and-a-half years after the program’s conclusion, building on the findings and recommendations from the end-ofprogram evaluation conducted in late 2014 and early 2015.
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The Government of Vanuatu has decided to develop an oceans policy, which aligns with recommendations from theCommonwealth Secretariat.This report summarises the main findings1 of an analysis and assessment of 69 instruments of legislation andsubordinate policies and plans that are relevant to management and use of Vanuatu’s territorial waters and thereforerelevant to the development of the national oceans policy. The review of Vanuatu’s legislation, policies, strategies andplans relating to oceans management is part of the Marine and Coastal Biodiversity Management in Pacific IslandCountries (MACBIO) project.The approach to the review involved an analytical framework comprising three components:1. Individual analysis of legislation, policies, strategies and plans;2. Integration of individual analyses into an assessment table for comparative analysis and assessment; and3. A report which provides an assessment narrative based on the individual analyses and the information from theassessment table.
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The World Humanitarian Summit in 2016 provides a unique opportunity for governments, UN agencies and civil society actors to set an ambitious agenda for empowering women and girls as change agents and leaders in humanitarian action and ensuring gender responsive humanitarian programming. However for these commitments to translate into meaningful action, it is critical to respond to the barriers that currently impact women’s leadership in emergencies, and build upon the existing efforts of women first responders and women-led organisations. ActionAid has produced this paper to ensure commitments arising from the World Humanitarian Summit are grounded in the realities of women affected by humanitarian crises and reflect their priorities.
This paper draws together findings from focus group discussions with women from multiple regions and draws upon ActionAid’s experience from a range of humanitarian contexts, including rapid and slow onset disasters and protracted crisis. It presents the barriers and opportunities for women’s leadership in humanitarian response as identified by women from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nepal, occupied Palestinian territory (Gaza), the Philippines and Vanuatu. This data is overlayed with available evidence to validate the findings and demonstrate their applicability across diverse contexts.
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As the #1 ranked country for vulnerability on the World Risk Index, the lives of men and women in Vanuatu are constantly threatened by climate change and disasters. Following the most devastating cyclone to ever hit Vanuatu – cyclone Pam in 2015 – and widespread drought as a result of a strong El Nino event throughout 2015 and most of 2016, the impacts are growing ever more severe with climate change predicted to increase the intensity and impacts of such events over time. This research assesses the extent to which the eight markets that UN Women supports through its Markets for Change (M4C) programme on Efate and Santo Islands are vulnerable to climate change.
The study set out to map, document and understand the relative vulnerability of these municipal markets and their vendors, farmers and wider communities to climate change risks. The outcomes are practical measures and policy recommendations that can be implemented by the M4C project, municipalities and other relevant stakeholders to reduce this vulnerability and to prepare for disasters.
The recommendations made are not simply for the purpose of future climate change adaptation but are ‘no regrets’ strategies that will benefit Vanuatu market vendors, women and communities regardless of the extent of future climate change. They will be implemented in a progressive fashion along with a disaster preparedness plan that is to be developed at each market as a priority. The study has been repeated at M4C markets in Fiji and Solomon Islands.
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The island Republic of Vanuatu is one of the most climatologically and seismically vulnerable countries in the world. Situated in the Pacific’s ‘Ring of Fire’ and ‘cyclone belt’, it is susceptible to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones and both flood and drought. With the onset of climate change, extreme weather events are increasing the number and severity of natural disasters. Within this document, an emergency shelter from impending disaster will hereafter be called an ‘evacuation centre’ (EC) and longer-term temporary accommodation for those who lose their homes as a result of disaster will hereafter be called ‘emergency or transitional shelter’.
Through strategic partnership, the NDMO acquired support from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) to write these guidelines to identify, select and establish a database of potential evacuation centres to supplement the organization’s plan to meet its strategic objective 3: Enhance Disaster Risk Management (DRM) operations preparedness, response and recovery for a safer, secure & resilient Vanuatu. The NDMO as the coordinating body, with the help of these guidelines, will also be able to map and classify the different key stakeholders, actors and strategic partners to reach the goal of setting up evacuation centres across the country to strengthen disaster preparedness and response capacity.
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Between May 2013 and December 2014, CARE implemented a disaster risk reduction project in Vanuatu’s TAFEA province. The Yumi Redi 2 project aimed to increase the capacity of vulnerable communities to prepare for and respond to disasters. This case study of the village of Dillons Bay (on Errromango island) illustrates the impact of this project on the community’s practices before, during and after Cyclone Pam. Striking Vanuatu on March 13th 2015, this category five cyclone was one of the worst storms ever to hit the region.
In particular, this case study highlights the impact of the DIPECHO and Australian Aid funded project on the community’s capacity to share DRR messages; understand, heed and disseminate emergency warnings; prepare at household and community level; identify and manage evacuation centres; evacuate the community; consider the needs of vulnerable people; conduct needs assessments; develop links between various authorities within and outside the community; develop and support strong leaders and manage the initial emergency response until additional help arrives.
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Released by the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), this document provides definitions for commonly used disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster management (DM) terms.
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Vanuatu, an archipelago of 80 islands with a population of approximately 250,000, is among the most disaster-prone countries in the Pacific. It regularly experiences tsunamis, floods, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, landslides, fires and disease outbreaks. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) ranks Vanuatu twelfth in the Asia Pacific Region for the frequency and severity of its natural disaster.
UNICEF is the co-lead of the Water cluster which, under the leadership of the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), together with the Department of Geology, Mines, and Water Resources (DGMWR) responds to national emergencies.
Collectively, the Vanuatu WASH cluster has recognized that a lack of readily available, officially endorsed, standardized set of key messages and IEC materials to address critical life-saving safe water, sanitation and hygiene behaviours in an emergency context presents a gap in its current disaster risk reduction and management preparedness and response practices.
To address this gap, UNICEF seeks to partner with Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), and NGO that is a member of the WASH cluster and has expertise in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion and Emergency Response to coordinate and manage the preparedness and response efforts of this project. As an implementing partner, ADRA would provide technical support, coordination and management of stakeholder consultations, pretesting, production, prepositioning and provide training to stakeholders in Vanuatu to use the WASH in emergency standardized messages and IEC materials developed.
The materials were launched on 15th july 2016. You may view the details of the launching event here.
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This handbook gives the guidelines for organizing, developing, and evaluating simulations and drills and describes different uses for the exercises in the context of emergencies and disasters. It has been written primarily for heatlh sector organizations that are in the process of reviewing and updating emergency preparedness and response plans, but institutions from other sectors will also find it useful.
The Pan American Health Organization has worked with a group of experts from Latin America and the Caribbean to prepare a series of practical guidelines for planning and carrying out simulations and drills.
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It is a plan that details the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery arrangements in the event of a cyclone impacting on the Republic of Vanuatu. This plan clearly states out the guidelines and information to all responding agencies on what needs to be done in coordinated planning during a cyclone in line with the National Disaster Management Act NO 31 of 2000 and the Disaster Risk Management National Action Plan 2006-2016.
Vanuatu is the world’s most at risk country for natural hazards, according to a UN University World Risk Index. A proof to that study result is the passage of devastating Category 5 Tropical Cyclone Pam (TC Pam) in March 2015 where numbers of lessons learned have been raised and discussed amongst humanitarian bodies as recommendations and way forward.
The NDMO is pleased to confirm that this 2016-2017 review of the Cyclone Support Plan is the major review of that document so far. We made sure that keys points raised during the TC Pam ‘Lessons Learned’ workshop were captured in this plan for a better coordination of response right after a cyclone has occurred. National coordination is indeed very important to make sure all the available resources are used accordingly to avoid duplication of effort.
Disaster is everybody’s business, for this reason number of consultations have been conducted with various government agencies and working stakeholders to collect their inputs and including them in this review of the plan. This document is the foundation of all agencies to see how best they can prepare to respond to cyclones at the right time, with the right resources, for the benefit of the affected people anywhere in Vanuatu.
To download the copy of the Cyclone Support Plan 2016-2017, visit the Vanuatu NDMO website via this link.
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This Provincial Disaster & Climate Response Plan (PDCRP) provides directive to all agencies on the conduct of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency operations. This plan has been formulated in compliance with section 9 Part 3 of National Disaster Act N0.31 of 2000 Section 11 subsection 5, and aligned with the National Climate Change & Disaster Risk Reduction Policy 2015- 2030, Section 7.1.4. The planning approach contained within focuses on a comprehensive hazard, climate change and disaster management strategy which clearly identifies and documents the essential organizational and procedural ingredients for adaptation to climate change effective prevention of, response to, and recovery from disasters. This document is subject to review based on experience of hazards and lessons learned from managing all hazards including those associated with Climate Change.
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Following TC Pam NDMO recognised the need for enhanced community based disaster risk management responses. As such over the last year NDMO has been working with its key in country partners to review, revise and update certain processes and tools. One of those DRM processes and tools is the community based disaster assessment process. Community based disaster assessments are the first assessment undertaken following a disaster on the ground in Vanuatu and is envisaged to be completed where possible by trained community disaster and climate change committees (CDCCC) members supported by local and provincial government. This approach is to empower communities in achieving ownership and greater participation in the negative impacts of disasters that directly affect them.
Training CDCCC’s in the community assessment processes and its supporting tools has been ongoing during 2016 in targeted communities within Torba and Tafea Provinces as part of the Yumi Redi Consortium project.
Yumi Redi Consortium in conjunction with UNOCHA has been working in collaboration with NDMO to produce an updated first community assessment form and accompanying guidelines to be undertaken at community level and develop a consolidation, analysis and reporting process of community based assessment data at provincial level. The revised community disaster assessment form and its guidelines were launched by the NDMO during a national training in September 2016.
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Hanbuk ia Nasonal Disasta Manejmen Ofis (NDMO) blong Vanuatu i mekem blong ol ofisablong gavman mo olgeta we oli wantem karemaot ol wok blong Komuniti Bes Disasta RiskRidaksen (CBDRR). Hanbuk ia hem i talem wanem nao mo hao nao yumi sud mekem olCBDRR aktiviti long ol komuniti long Vanuatu.Stamba tingting blong hanbuk ia hem i blong givhan long ol ejensi blong sapotem NDMOblong setemap ol KOMUNITI DISASTA MO KLAEMET JENS KOMITI (CDCCC) long ol komunitiwe disasta i stap afektem olgeta plante, mo trenem ol komuniti ia blong oli kam moa rereblong fesem disasta.Tingting blong ol trening we oli stap long hanbuk ia oli blong divelopem wan KOMUNITIDISASTA PLAN blong ol komuniti. Plan ia bae i kam olsem wan buk we ol CDCCC oli savewok long hem blong oli redi long ol disasta o manejem ol emejensi.YUSUM HANBUK IATOKSAVE
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Le changement climatique est l'un des sujets dont on parle le plus dans le monde parce qu'll affecte le quotidien de tous les habitants de la planete, y compris ceux qui vivent dans les iles du pacifique. Les scientifiques disent que lechangement climatique pourrait rendre les saisons chaudes plus longues et amener beacoup de pluies durant la saison humide.
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The annual cyclone season for the Republic of Vanuatu commences in November and extends to the end of April the following year. While cyclones can develop outside of this period, their cyclical nature increases the predictability of such occurrences and thus enables pre-planned measures to be formulated beforehand and community preparedness programmes to be put in place and promulgated.
The aim of this plan is to detail the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery arrangements in the event of a cyclone impacting on the Republic of Vanuatu, in line with the requirements of the National Disaster Act. The Cyclone Support Plan provides for the mobilisation and co-ordination of the Country's resources, both public and private, to deal with an impending Tropical Cyclone emergency.
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The Forty-Seventh Pacific Islands Forum was held in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia from 8 – 10 September 2016 and was attended by Heads of State and Government of Australia, the Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Nauru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. The Solomon Islands was represented by their Deputy Prime Minister, the Republic of Fiji, Niue and the Republic of Palau by their Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Kiribati by a Special Envoy. The Forum Leaders’ Retreat was held at FSM Congress Chamber in Palikir on 10 September 2016.
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The FRDP identifies three inter-related goals that need to be actively pursued by all stakeholders, working in partnership, in order to enhance resilience to disasters and climate change in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty.
1. Strengthened integrated adaptation and risk reduction to enhance resilience to climate change and disasters Pursuing this goal entails successfully managing risks caused by climate change and disasters in an integrated manner where possible, within social and economic development planning processes and practices, in order to reduce the accumulation of such risks, and prevent the creation of new risks or loss and damage. This goal will contribute to strengthening resilient development and achieving efficiencies in resource management.
2. Low-carbon development Pursuing this goal revolves mainly around reducing the carbon intensity of development processes, increasing the efficiency of end-use energy consumption, increasing the conservation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and enhancing the resilience of energy infrastructure. This goal will contribute to having more resilient energy infrastructure in place, and to increase energy security, while decreasing net emissions of greenhouse gases.
3. Strengthened disaster preparedness, response and recovery Pursuing this goal includes improving the capacity of PICTs to prepare for emergencies and disasters, thereby ensuring timely and effective response and recovery in relation to both rapid and slow onset disasters, which may be exacerbated or caused by climate change. Disaster preparedness, response and recovery initiatives will reduce undue human losses and suffering, and minimize adverse consequences for national, provincial, local and community economic, social and environmental systems.
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This report uses these generic methods to provide recommendations for climate resilient development in the PICs in the following sectors: coastal protection, flood management, water resources management, protection of infrastructure against changes in temperature and precipitations, protection of buildings against cyclone winds, and adaptation in the agriculture sector.
A new World Bank report has highlighted the need for Pacific Island countries to better incorporate climate and disaster risk management into planning and development, while proposing priority investments and policies to boost resilience to the year 2040.
Launched in Fiji today at the Symposium on Climate Change Adaptation in the Pacific Region, Pacific Possible: Climate and Disaster Resilience considers the economic costs of climate adaptation, and proposes adaptation strategies for areas including infrastructure and buildings, coastal protection, water resources, flooding and agriculture, with special consideration given to the unique challenges of atoll islands.
“Climate change and extreme weather events have the potential to adversely affect coastal zones, water resources, health, infrastructure, agriculture and food security,” said Denis Jordy, Senior Environmental Specialist at the World Bank. “And if new investments are not properly planned, they risk exacerbating the impacts of natural hazards and climate change by increasing the vulnerability and exposure of those at risk.”
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A national debriefing workshop to identify lessons learned following Tropical Cyclone Pam (TC Pam) was facilitatedby the Vanuatu National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) with support from the Pacific Community (SPC) andthe European Union (EU). Technical support was also provided by SPC through the Building Safety and Resilience in the Pacific (BSRP) project and in close cooperation with sector partners. The Tropical Cyclone Pam Lessons Learned Workshop was held in Port Vila, Vanuatu, from 24 to 25 June 2015 to review key aspects of coordination, including preparation and response. This report summarises the discussions and outcomes from that workshop.
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The development objective of the Infrastructure Reconstruction and Improvement Project for Vanuatu is to reconstruct and/or improve the disaster and climate resilience of selected public sector assets in provinces impacted by Tropical Cyclone (TC) Pam, and to provide immediate and effective response to an Eligible Crisis or Emergency.
Work will focus on fixing damage related to roads, schools and public buildings with improvements including better drainage and at least one building in selected schools being brought up to the standard required for an evacuation center. If needed, the project also allows funds to be used for eligible emergencies, providing faster and more streamlined access to cash in the case of future natural disasters.
Funded through the International Development Association Crisis Response Window, the project is made up of a US$25 million credit and US$25 million grant, and is consistent with the Government of Vanuatu’s Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Management National Action Plan (2006-2016), and the Vanuatu Infrastructure Strategic Investment Plan (2015-2024). The project consists of five components.
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As part of the preparedness towards any forthcoming disasters and continuous monitoring of the agricultural sector, the RRU in collaboration with FAO and DARD have established an early warning early action system that is run by the Risk and Resilience Unit (RRU) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Fisheries and Biosecurity (MALFFB) to the agricultural extension officers. The department of agriculture has a total of 45 extension officers that are based on all of the 6 provinces covering almost all the area councils of every island. The early warning early action system is mainly setup as a system monitoring the growth of main carbohydrate crops, vegetables and fruits and also the additional information’s from the officers on any other crops or just any unusual on the agriculture. This report serves to show what is collected from the extension officers and provincial agricultural officers during the seventh round of phone calls and show that if there is a spike in the data, then there would be need of further investigation.
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