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Vanuatu is among the most vulnerable countries on earth to the increasing impacts of climate change, including climate-related natural disasters and the effects of slow-onset events such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification.
As the effects of global warming manifest and the hazards of climate change arise at accelerating rates, there is a need to shift the paradigm towards the standardised and mainstreamed use of science-based climate information, at multiple timescales, to support resilient development pathways.
The proposed project will support this paradigm shift through the strengthening and application of Climate Information Services (CIS) in five targeted development sectors: tourism; agriculture; infrastructure; water and fisheries.
More specifically, the project will build the technical capacity in Vanuatu to harness and manage climate data; develop and deliver practical CIS tools and resources; support enhanced coordination and dissemination of tailored information; enhance CIS information and technology infrastructure; and support the application of relevant CIS through real-time development processes, for more resilient outcomes.
The project has a focus on addressing information gaps and priority needs of target beneficiaries at national, provincial and local community levels across the five priority sectors.
The project will deliver enhanced:
capacity and capability of national development agents, to understand, access and apply CIS
CIS communications, knowledge products, tools, and resources for practical application to development processes.
reliability, functionality, utility and timeliness of underlying CIS delivery systems and data collection infrastructure.
scientific data, information and knowledge of past, present and future climate to facilitate innovated and resilient development.
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The Effectiveness of Formal and Traditional Learning about Climate and Disaster Resilience in Vanuatu
by Charles Andrew Evan Pierce
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EXTREME HEAT IMPACTS ON ELECTRICITY DEMAND IN EFATE
This case study examines the impact of temperature on electricity demand in Efate. Guidance around conducting this type of step-by-step assessment is provided in more detail on the Van-KIRAP web portal, along with other case studies (called infobytes), factsheets, visualisation tools and technical resources. This case study can be used as an example for undertaking similar climate hazard-based impact assessments.
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MARINE HEATWAVE IMPACTS ON SEAGRASS IN VANUATU
This case study examines the impacts of climate change on marine heatwaves and seagrass in Vanuatu. Guidance around conducting this type of step-by-step assessment is provided in more detail on the Van-KIRAP web portal, along with other climate impact related case studies (also termed infobytes), factsheets, visualisation tools and technical resources. This case study can be used as an example for undertaking similar climate hazard-based impact assessments.
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CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON WATER SECURITY IN VANUATU
This case study describes climate change impacts on water security in Vanuatu, using a step-bystep approach. Guidance around conducting this type of step-by-step assessment is provided in more detail on the Van-KIRAP web portal, along with other climate impact related case studies (also termed infobytes), factsheets, visualisation tools and technical resources. This case study can be used as an example for undertaking similar climate hazard-based impact assessments.
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The Secretariat of the Pacific Environment Programme (SPREP) is implementing the Climate Information Services for Resilient Development in Vanuatu (CISRD), or Vanuatu Klaemet Infomesen blong redy, adapt mo protekt (Van-KIRAP) Project. As the first part of this project, Tonkin & Taylor International Ltd (T+TI) has been engaged to provide technical expertise on the Van KIRAP Project and the Department of Water Resources to review and update existing flood mitigation guidelines for the Sarakata catchment in Espiritu Santo Island, and to support the development of flood early warning systems in Sarakata.
This report provides a review of the existing Flood Mitigation Guidelines for Sarakata, Pepsi and Solwei Areas (2011) including the evaluation and identification of gaps in terms of early warning systems and long-term climate change considerations. The review has identified the gaps across governance, institutional arrangements, observations, risk knowledge, warning dissemination, and preparedness and response. The following recommendations are provided to address the identified gaps and to inform the development of updated flood mitigation guidelines:
• Strengthened governance and institutional arrangements, relating to:
− Strengthened policies and institutional frameworks at the provincial level including clear roles and responsibilities.
− Clear standard operating procedures for flood early warning system management. − Development of forums to enable coordination and partnerships.
− Update and finalise the Sarakata Flood Management Plan, including establishment of a monitoring and evaluation plan to ensure effective and coordinated governance of flood disaster risk reduction and to foster sustainable development.
• Strengthened observation, monitoring, analysis, and forecasting, relating to:
− Additional observational equipment and supporting services and capacity.
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Oxfam International is a world-wide development organisation that mobilises the power of people against poverty. In the Pacific, we work with our partners to ensure that Pacific Islander women and men (specifically those that are poor, marginalised or excluded) are leading and shaping their development and where their voices are heard and acted on by those in power. In the Pacific, Oxfam’s regional office is based in Suva, Fiji, where our Fiji country office and our base for remote cluster management of the Polynesia/Micronesia country office are also located. We also have offices in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.
The Pacific Islands Climate Change Collaboration, Influencing and Learning (PACCCIL) project is a four year (2018 – 2021) project funded for the first two years by Australian NGO Cooperation Program (ANCP). It aims at strengthening the influencing capacity of civil society actors and networks to ensure that action on climate change in the Pacific region is more effective, inclusive and collaborative. The project will work with key climate change action networks in Vanuatu and at the regional level, as well as facilitate the organising and collective action of civil society actors in Solomon Islands and the Polynesia and Micronesia sub-regions against climate change.
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Information in Bislama about bananas, capsicum, cucumber, dwarf bean, manioc, taro, tomato, watermelon, yam
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Pacific Tool for Resilience
PARTneR will enable Pacific government Ministries and stakeholder organisation to effectively developed and used risk-based information to support development decision making on DRR & DRM
PARTneR will tailor RiskScape, a disaster impact mapping and modelling software developed jointly with New Zealand NIWA and GNS science.
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The ‘Coping with climate change in the Pacific Island Region (CCCPIR)’ programme aims to strengthen the capacities of Pacific member countries and regional organisations to cope with the impacts of climate change. The programme is funded by the government of the Federal Republic of Germany through the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and implemented through GIZ working in partnership with SPC and SPREP.
The programme commenced its activities in 2009 working with Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu. In 2011 the program was expanded to another nine Pacific Island Countries, namely the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the duration has been extended until 2019. The programme brief available at http://www.spc.int/lrd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=478&Itemid=44 gives further details.
At the regional level, the programme aligns with the Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific (FRDP). The programme will support countries in implementing key strategic priorities in the area of climate change including, where relevant, their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), National Adaptation Programmes for Action (NAPA), National Communications to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and other relevant national strategies, polices and plans.
The overall objective of the programme is that ‘the capacities of regional organisations in the Pacific Islands region and its member states to adapt to climate change and mitigate its causes are strengthened’. This objective will be achieved through six components highlighted below.
Component 1: Strengthening regional advisory and management capacity
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Tropical Cyclone (TC) Pam was one of the worstnatural disasters in the history of Vanuatu. Thecountry suffered loss and damage to an extentthat vastly overwhelmed its own capacities. Astrong El Niño, in the months following the cyclone, actedas additional multiplier for existing development problems,especially with regard to water and food securityin rural areas. In many ways, the cyclone and its impactsreflect political, conceptual and operational challengesthat lie at the heart of the current debate on loss anddamage (L&D) and clearly illustrate the need for comprehensiveclimate risk management (CRM).TC Pam has been recognised as an opportunity to learnlessons and draw up recommendations for [German]development cooperation (DC) and its partners in theregion on how to address the issue of comprehensiveclimate risk management, including climate risk insurance.The objectives of this study were to identify thoselessons in order to inform Germany’s current and futureregional cooperation in Vanuatu and the South Pacificregion.This report gives an overview and socio-economiccharacteristics, disaster risk and CRM institutions andprogrammes in Vanuatu and the region and providesbackground on activities of German development cooperation.It further presents the main findings on lessonslearned from the response and recovery phase basedon a review of available documentation and a mission toVanuatu in October 2015. The last chapter details recommendationsdeveloped by the mission team.Climate change represents one of the greatest challengesfacing the South Pacific region. In response to thesechallenges, the Pacific is the first region in the world thatintegrates climate change and disaster risk managementinto a single overarching regional strategy. A number of
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The impacts of climate change are increasingly becoming evident in the Pacific. Our communities need to build resilience to face more extreme weather and more regular disasters.
Vanuatu Red Cross Society is proud to have been involved in the development of the City Wide Risk Assessment Do-It-Together Toolkit for building urban community resilience. We thank the Global Disaster Preparedness Centre for selecting Vanuatu as a trial site for the coalition building climate change project.
We look forward to implementing the toolkit, and sharing the knowledge with other countries that are facing a similar situation in the fight against climate change.
Ol efekts blong klaemet jens oli stap inkris plante mo yumi witnesem lo Pacific. Ol komunities blong yumi oli nid blong buildim ap mo stanap blong facem moa denjares weta mo fulap strong disasta.
Vanuatu Red Cross Sosaeti I praod blong stanap strong mo involvem hem lo development blong “City Waed Risk Assessment blong Mekem Tugeta Tulkit” blong bildimap komuniti istanap strong long taon blong yumi. Yumi talem tankyu long Klobal Disasta Preparedness Senta blong isave selectem Vanuatu olsem wan trael ples blong kolition building Klimate Jes Projek.
Yumi luk forward blong yumi save wok tugeta blong applaem tulkit, sherem save wetem ol nara kaontris we oli facem semak situeson blong faet akensem klamat jens.
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This Outlook provides a summary of climate events during 2017 - 2018 tropical cyclone season.
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The Vanuatu NGO Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Program (the program), locally known as Yumi stap redi long Klaemet Jenis, began in July 2012 and was completed in December 2014. It was funded by the Australian Government through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)’s Community-based Climate Change Action Grant and implemented by Oxfam, CARE International in Vanuatu (CARE), Save the Children (SC), Vanuatu Red Cross Society (VRCS) in partnership with the French Red Cross Society (FRCS), the Vanuatu Rural Development Training Centre Association (VRDTCA), and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). The overall goal of the program was to increase the resilience of Vanuatu’s women, men and young people with respect to the unavoidable impacts of climate change.
This report presents findings and provides recommendations from an ex-post evaluation of the program conducted two-and-a-half years after the program’s conclusion, building on the findings and recommendations from the end-ofprogram evaluation conducted in late 2014 and early 2015.
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The Global Disaster Preparedness Center (GDPC) in collaboration with the IFRC and American Red Cross has received an award from USAID/OFDA to design and test a set of tools and services to assist RCRC National Societies and their partners to create effective city coalitions on community resilience, targeting climate smart resilience and coastal risk reduction in particular. The idea is that the RCRC National Societies would convene relevant partner organizations in lasting coalitions to focus citywide expertise, capabilities, and resources on priority risks facing vulnerable communities in the city. The coalitions are intended to complement existing urban governance processes led by local government and draw wider support from the business community, universities, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders into citywide civic engagement on community resilience.
"Coastal Cities face a high risk from increasingly costly flooding from sea level rise amid climate change. Their current defenses will not be enough as the water level rises."
By focusing on priority risks, the coalition can target those risks and threats of greatest concern. With the support of diverse coalition members, the coalitions can identify solutions and interventions to address the priority risks and bundle the solutions into local campaigns to engage local communities and link the efforts of individuals, households, businesses, community and local organization, and local governments.
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The Mini Census was conducted in response to the recent disasters affecting the country, to update the list of households affected by the disasters. The Mini Census also provide an opportunity to update basic counts of certain government programs and policies.
Apart from basic count of population and households, information such as the birth certificate registration, the electoral card registration, the RSE/SWP participation and people with bank accounts can be found in the report. Other household information include disaster related information, use of telecommunication network, agriculture, fisheries and livestock information, use of solar lighting and value adding activities. There is information on water, sanitation and many more.
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The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives substantial variability in tropical cyclone (TC) activity around the world1–3 . However, it remains uncertain how the projected future changes in ENSO under greenhouse warming4–8 will aect TC activity, apart from an expectation that the overall frequency of TCs is likely to decrease for most ocean basins9–11. Here we show robust changes in ENSO-driven variability in TC occurrence by the late twenty-first century. In particular, we show that TCs become more frequent (∼20–40%) during future-climate El Niño events compared with present-climate El Niño events—and less frequent during future-climate La Niña events—around a group of small island nations (for example, Fiji, Vanuatu, Marshall Islands and Hawaii) in the Pacific. We examine TCs across 20 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 database12, forced under historical and greenhouse warming conditions. The 12 most realistic models identified show a strong consensus on El Niño-driven changes in future-climate large-scale environmental conditions that modulate development of TCs over the o-equatorial western Pacific and the central North Pacific regions. These results have important implications for climate change and adaptation pathways for the vulnerable Pacific island nations.
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Coastal fisheries provide staple food and sources of livelihood in Pacific Island countries, and securing a sustainable supply is recognised as a critical priority for nutrition security. This study sought to better understand the role of fish for Pacific Island communities during disasters and in disaster recovery. To evaluate community impacts and responses after natural disasters, focus group discussions were held with men and women groups at ten sites across Shefa, Tafea, Malampa and Sanma provinces in Vanuatu. The combined impacts of category 5 Tropical Cyclone Pam (TC-Pam) in March 2015 and prolonged El-Niño induced drought have had a profound impact across much of Vanuatu. Terrestrial systems had been disproportionately impacted with substantial shortages in drinking water, garden crops, cash crops and damage to infrastructure. Localized impacts were noted on marine environments from TC-Pam and the drought, along with an earthquake that uplifted reef and destroyed fishing grounds in Malampa province. Communities in Malampa and Shefa provinces also noted a crown-of-thorns outbreak that caused coral mortality. The significant reduction in terrestrial-based food and income generation capacity generally led to increased reliance on marine resources to cope and a shift in diets from local garden food to rice. However, limited market access, lack of fishing skills and technology in many sectors of the community reduced the capacity for marine resources to support recovery. A flexible management approach allowed protected areas and species to be utilized as reservoirs of food and income when temporarily opened to assist recovery. These findings illustrate that fish and fisheries management is at the center of disaster preparedness and relief strategies in remote Pacific Island communities. High physical capital (e.g.
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Ecosystem and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping (ESRAM) is the first phase of the Pacific Ecosystem-Based Adaptation to Climate Change project (PEBACC), a five-year initiative funded by the German Government and implemented by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). The intention of the project (2014 – 2019) is to promote ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) through the generation of new knowledge on local ecosystem services and its integration into development, climate change adaptation and natural resource management policy and planning processes in three Pacific island countries – Vanuatu, Fiji and the Solomon Islands.
This technical summary document reports on the findings from the first phase ESRAM activity that was conducted in Greater Port Vila between January and June 2016. Whilst it was understood at the outset that both climate and non-climate drivers would be important influences on ecosystem quality (and the services they provide), local engagement - through household surveys and community workshops - also uncovered substantial detail on the range of contemporary issues facing these communities: urban development, pollution, access to water, overharvesting and poor management of resources, sand mining, and climate impacts (including ongoing recovery from Tropical Cyclone Pam, March 2015). It is clear that the ecosystem and socio-economic resilience challenges for these urban and peri-urban communities are already considerable but will be further amplified by continued urbanisation and future climate change in the years to come.
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The island Republic of Vanuatu is one of the most climatologically and seismically vulnerable countries in the world. Situated in the Pacific’s ‘Ring of Fire’ and ‘cyclone belt’, it is susceptible to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones and both flood and drought. With the onset of climate change, extreme weather events are increasing the number and severity of natural disasters. Within this document, an emergency shelter from impending disaster will hereafter be called an ‘evacuation centre’ (EC) and longer-term temporary accommodation for those who lose their homes as a result of disaster will hereafter be called ‘emergency or transitional shelter’.
Through strategic partnership, the NDMO acquired support from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) to write these guidelines to identify, select and establish a database of potential evacuation centres to supplement the organization’s plan to meet its strategic objective 3: Enhance Disaster Risk Management (DRM) operations preparedness, response and recovery for a safer, secure & resilient Vanuatu. The NDMO as the coordinating body, with the help of these guidelines, will also be able to map and classify the different key stakeholders, actors and strategic partners to reach the goal of setting up evacuation centres across the country to strengthen disaster preparedness and response capacity.
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Between May 2013 and December 2014, CARE implemented a disaster risk reduction project in Vanuatu’s TAFEA province. The Yumi Redi 2 project aimed to increase the capacity of vulnerable communities to prepare for and respond to disasters. This case study of the village of Dillons Bay (on Errromango island) illustrates the impact of this project on the community’s practices before, during and after Cyclone Pam. Striking Vanuatu on March 13th 2015, this category five cyclone was one of the worst storms ever to hit the region.
In particular, this case study highlights the impact of the DIPECHO and Australian Aid funded project on the community’s capacity to share DRR messages; understand, heed and disseminate emergency warnings; prepare at household and community level; identify and manage evacuation centres; evacuate the community; consider the needs of vulnerable people; conduct needs assessments; develop links between various authorities within and outside the community; develop and support strong leaders and manage the initial emergency response until additional help arrives.
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Released by the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), this document provides definitions for commonly used disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster management (DM) terms.
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Welcome to our Third Edition of the Vanuatu C o a s t a l A d a p t a t i o n P r o j e c t ( V C A P ) Newsletter. This edition provides another initiative to share information’s about the implementation of activities that has been carried out over the last period of three months, January to April of 2017, b y t h e P r o j e c t components at the target vulnerable areas of the V a n u a t u C o a s t a l Adaptation Project sites. We hope you find it to be i n f o r m a t i v e a n dinteresting to find out what type of activities t h a t h a s b e e n implemented at your area in terms of addressing he climate change issues. You can also find out more informat ion by checking our Facebook page or NAB Portal or even contacting our main office in Vila.
This report features the following content:
1. Welcome to this Edition2. Forecasters Equipped with skills On New IWFS3. Epi Road Upgrade Nearing Completion4. Key Vulnerability at South Malekula VCAP Site5. Agro Forestry Demonstration Plot6. Communities on West Epi And Aniwa Benefited From Fish Aggregating Device (FADs)7. Vertiver Grass Prevents Soil Erosion8. Construction Of Climate Proof Offices 9. General AgroForestry Practises
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Vanuatu, an archipelago of 80 islands with a population of approximately 250,000, is among the most disaster-prone countries in the Pacific. It regularly experiences tsunamis, floods, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, landslides, fires and disease outbreaks. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) ranks Vanuatu twelfth in the Asia Pacific Region for the frequency and severity of its natural disaster.
UNICEF is the co-lead of the Water cluster which, under the leadership of the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), together with the Department of Geology, Mines, and Water Resources (DGMWR) responds to national emergencies.
Collectively, the Vanuatu WASH cluster has recognized that a lack of readily available, officially endorsed, standardized set of key messages and IEC materials to address critical life-saving safe water, sanitation and hygiene behaviours in an emergency context presents a gap in its current disaster risk reduction and management preparedness and response practices.
To address this gap, UNICEF seeks to partner with Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), and NGO that is a member of the WASH cluster and has expertise in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion and Emergency Response to coordinate and manage the preparedness and response efforts of this project. As an implementing partner, ADRA would provide technical support, coordination and management of stakeholder consultations, pretesting, production, prepositioning and provide training to stakeholders in Vanuatu to use the WASH in emergency standardized messages and IEC materials developed.
The materials were launched on 15th july 2016. You may view the details of the launching event here.
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The Increasing Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards Project (IRCCNH) is a program of works for Vanuatu to improve the resilience of smallholders and communities to the impact of climate variability and change on food, household water security and livelihoods. The project has been effective since April 2013, but in February 2017 the Government of Vanuatu (GoV) requested a restructure to simplify the project and focus on community-level investments following Tropical Cyclone (TC) Pam.
The revised Project Development Objective is to strengthen disaster risk management systems and pilot investments in select villages in the Recipient’s territory to increase resilience to the impacts of natural hazards and climate variability and change. The proposed support will focus on resilient livelihoods through increased access to fresh water and improved agricultural methods, and will be implemented by the Project Management Unit in the Vanuatu Metrology and Geo-hazards Department (VMGD).
This Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) sets out the principles and procedures for managing the environmental and social aspects of the restructured project, and supersedes the previous ESMF dated 20 March 2012. The rationale of applying a framework is that specific details of the project activities will only be known during project implementation. The purpose of a framework is to guide the VMGD on how to screen the activities and manage any issues during implementation.
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This brochure contains information on the IRCCNH project.
The Increasing Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards (IRCCNH) Project in Vanuatu is a project belonging to the Vanuatu Government and is currently implemented by the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-hazards Department (VMGD) under the Ministry of Climate Change and Natural Disasters.
The brochure contains the Project Profile information andd outlines the project objectives, beneficiaries and Key Stakeholder Partners.
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This is the first edition of the Increasing Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards (IRCCNH) Project newsletter. This quarterly newsletter is an initiative to share information on the project’s activities to increasing the resilience of our people and communi-ties to the issues affecting our countries as a result of climate change and natural hazards in Vanuatu. In this first edition, we provide an overview of the IRCCNH Project approach and locations and some high-lights of components past activities in various project sites in Vanuatu. We hope you will find it to be in-formative and interesting to find out the type of activi-ties the project is imple-menting in your areas in the past years in terms of addressing issues concern-ing climate change and natural hazards. You can find out more by contacting our office in Port Vila or by checking the NAB Portal.
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